Graphics.java

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package java.awt;

import java.io.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.awt.image.ImageObserver;
import java.text.AttributedCharacterIterator;

/**
 * The {@code Graphics} class is the abstract base class for
 * all graphics contexts that allow an application to draw onto
 * components that are realized on various devices, as well as
 * onto off-screen images.
 * <p>
 * A {@code Graphics} object encapsulates state information needed
 * for the basic rendering operations that Java supports.  This
 * state information includes the following properties:
 *
 * <ul>
 * <li>The {@code Component} object on which to draw.
 * <li>A translation origin for rendering and clipping coordinates.
 * <li>The current clip.
 * <li>The current color.
 * <li>The current font.
 * <li>The current logical pixel operation function (XOR or Paint).
 * <li>The current XOR alternation color
 *     (see {@link Graphics#setXORMode}).
 * </ul>
 * <p>
 * Coordinates are infinitely thin and lie between the pixels of the
 * output device.
 * Operations that draw the outline of a figure operate by traversing
 * an infinitely thin path between pixels with a pixel-sized pen that hangs
 * down and to the right of the anchor point on the path.
 * Operations that fill a figure operate by filling the interior
 * of that infinitely thin path.
 * Operations that render horizontal text render the ascending
 * portion of character glyphs entirely above the baseline coordinate.
 * <p>
 * The graphics pen hangs down and to the right from the path it traverses.
 * This has the following implications:
 * <ul>
 * <li>If you draw a figure that covers a given rectangle, that
 * figure occupies one extra row of pixels on the right and bottom edges
 * as compared to filling a figure that is bounded by that same rectangle.
 * <li>If you draw a horizontal line along the same <i>y</i> coordinate as
 * the baseline of a line of text, that line is drawn entirely below
 * the text, except for any descenders.
 * </ul><p>
 * All coordinates that appear as arguments to the methods of this
 * {@code Graphics} object are considered relative to the
 * translation origin of this {@code Graphics} object prior to
 * the invocation of the method.
 * <p>
 * All rendering operations modify only pixels which lie within the
 * area bounded by the current clip, which is specified by a {@link Shape}
 * in user space and is controlled by the program using the
 * {@code Graphics} object.  This <i>user clip</i>
 * is transformed into device space and combined with the
 * <i>device clip</i>, which is defined by the visibility of windows and
 * device extents.  The combination of the user clip and device clip
 * defines the <i>composite clip</i>, which determines the final clipping
 * region.  The user clip cannot be modified by the rendering
 * system to reflect the resulting composite clip. The user clip can only
 * be changed through the {@code setClip} or {@code clipRect}
 * methods.
 * All drawing or writing is done in the current color,
 * using the current paint mode, and in the current font.
 *
 * @author      Sami Shaio
 * @author      Arthur van Hoff
 * @see     java.awt.Component
 * @see     java.awt.Graphics#clipRect(int, int, int, int)
 * @see     java.awt.Graphics#setColor(java.awt.Color)
 * @see     java.awt.Graphics#setPaintMode()
 * @see     java.awt.Graphics#setXORMode(java.awt.Color)
 * @see     java.awt.Graphics#setFont(java.awt.Font)
 * @since       1.0
 */
public abstract class Graphics {

    /**
     * Constructs a new {@code Graphics} object.
     * This constructor is the default constructor for a graphics
     * context.
     * <p>
     * Since {@code Graphics} is an abstract class, applications
     * cannot call this constructor directly. Graphics contexts are
     * obtained from other graphics contexts or are created by calling
     * {@code getGraphics} on a component.
     * @see        java.awt.Graphics#create()
     * @see        java.awt.Component#getGraphics
     */
    protected Graphics() {
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code Graphics} object that is
     * a copy of this {@code Graphics} object.
     * @return     a new graphics context that is a copy of
     *                       this graphics context.
     */
    public abstract Graphics create();

    /**
     * Creates a new {@code Graphics} object based on this
     * {@code Graphics} object, but with a new translation and clip area.
     * The new {@code Graphics} object has its origin
     * translated to the specified point (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>).
     * Its clip area is determined by the intersection of the original
     * clip area with the specified rectangle.  The arguments are all
     * interpreted in the coordinate system of the original
     * {@code Graphics} object. The new graphics context is
     * identical to the original, except in two respects:
     *
     * <ul>
     * <li>
     * The new graphics context is translated by (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>).
     * That is to say, the point ({@code 0},&nbsp;{@code 0}) in the
     * new graphics context is the same as (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) in
     * the original graphics context.
     * <li>
     * The new graphics context has an additional clipping rectangle, in
     * addition to whatever (translated) clipping rectangle it inherited
     * from the original graphics context. The origin of the new clipping
     * rectangle is at ({@code 0},&nbsp;{@code 0}), and its size
     * is specified by the {@code width} and {@code height}
     * arguments.
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param      x   the <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param      y   the <i>y</i> coordinate.
     * @param      width   the width of the clipping rectangle.
     * @param      height   the height of the clipping rectangle.
     * @return     a new graphics context.
     * @see        java.awt.Graphics#translate
     * @see        java.awt.Graphics#clipRect
     */
    public Graphics create(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
        Graphics g = create();
        if (g == null) return null;
        g.translate(x, y);
        g.clipRect(0, 0, width, height);
        return g;
    }

    /**
     * Translates the origin of the graphics context to the point
     * (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) in the current coordinate system.
     * Modifies this graphics context so that its new origin corresponds
     * to the point (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) in this graphics context's
     * original coordinate system.  All coordinates used in subsequent
     * rendering operations on this graphics context will be relative
     * to this new origin.
     * @param  x   the <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param  y   the <i>y</i> coordinate.
     */
    public abstract void translate(int x, int y);

    /**
     * Gets this graphics context's current color.
     * @return    this graphics context's current color.
     * @see       java.awt.Color
     * @see       java.awt.Graphics#setColor(Color)
     */
    public abstract Color getColor();

    /**
     * Sets this graphics context's current color to the specified
     * color. All subsequent graphics operations using this graphics
     * context use this specified color.
     * A null argument is silently ignored.
     * @param     c   the new rendering color.
     * @see       java.awt.Color
     * @see       java.awt.Graphics#getColor
     */
    public abstract void setColor(Color c);

    /**
     * Sets the paint mode of this graphics context to overwrite the
     * destination with this graphics context's current color.
     * This sets the logical pixel operation function to the paint or
     * overwrite mode.  All subsequent rendering operations will
     * overwrite the destination with the current color.
     */
    public abstract void setPaintMode();

    /**
     * Sets the paint mode of this graphics context to alternate between
     * this graphics context's current color and the new specified color.
     * This specifies that logical pixel operations are performed in the
     * XOR mode, which alternates pixels between the current color and
     * a specified XOR color.
     * <p>
     * When drawing operations are performed, pixels which are the
     * current color are changed to the specified color, and vice versa.
     * <p>
     * Pixels that are of colors other than those two colors are changed
     * in an unpredictable but reversible manner; if the same figure is
     * drawn twice, then all pixels are restored to their original values.
     * @param     c1 the XOR alternation color
     */
    public abstract void setXORMode(Color c1);

    /**
     * Gets the current font.
     * @return    this graphics context's current font.
     * @see       java.awt.Font
     * @see       java.awt.Graphics#setFont(Font)
     */
    public abstract Font getFont();

    /**
     * Sets this graphics context's font to the specified font.
     * All subsequent text operations using this graphics context
     * use this font. A null argument is silently ignored.
     * @param  font   the font.
     * @see     java.awt.Graphics#getFont
     * @see     java.awt.Graphics#drawString(java.lang.String, int, int)
     * @see     java.awt.Graphics#drawBytes(byte[], int, int, int, int)
     * @see     java.awt.Graphics#drawChars(char[], int, int, int, int)
    */
    public abstract void setFont(Font font);

    /**
     * Gets the font metrics of the current font.
     * @return    the font metrics of this graphics
     *                    context's current font.
     * @see       java.awt.Graphics#getFont
     * @see       java.awt.FontMetrics
     * @see       java.awt.Graphics#getFontMetrics(Font)
     */
    public FontMetrics getFontMetrics() {
        return getFontMetrics(getFont());
    }

    /**
     * Gets the font metrics for the specified font.
     * @return    the font metrics for the specified font.
     * @param     f the specified font
     * @see       java.awt.Graphics#getFont
     * @see       java.awt.FontMetrics
     * @see       java.awt.Graphics#getFontMetrics()
     */
    public abstract FontMetrics getFontMetrics(Font f);


    /**
     * Returns the bounding rectangle of the current clipping area.
     * This method refers to the user clip, which is independent of the
     * clipping associated with device bounds and window visibility.
     * If no clip has previously been set, or if the clip has been
     * cleared using {@code setClip(null)}, this method returns
     * {@code null}.
     * The coordinates in the rectangle are relative to the coordinate
     * system origin of this graphics context.
     * @return      the bounding rectangle of the current clipping area,
     *              or {@code null} if no clip is set.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#getClip
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#clipRect
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#setClip(int, int, int, int)
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#setClip(Shape)
     * @since       1.1
     */
    public abstract Rectangle getClipBounds();

    /**
     * Intersects the current clip with the specified rectangle.
     * The resulting clipping area is the intersection of the current
     * clipping area and the specified rectangle.  If there is no
     * current clipping area, either because the clip has never been
     * set, or the clip has been cleared using {@code setClip(null)},
     * the specified rectangle becomes the new clip.
     * This method sets the user clip, which is independent of the
     * clipping associated with device bounds and window visibility.
     * This method can only be used to make the current clip smaller.
     * To set the current clip larger, use any of the setClip methods.
     * Rendering operations have no effect outside of the clipping area.
     * @param x the x coordinate of the rectangle to intersect the clip with
     * @param y the y coordinate of the rectangle to intersect the clip with
     * @param width the width of the rectangle to intersect the clip with
     * @param height the height of the rectangle to intersect the clip with
     * @see #setClip(int, int, int, int)
     * @see #setClip(Shape)
     */
    public abstract void clipRect(int x, int y, int width, int height);

    /**
     * Sets the current clip to the rectangle specified by the given
     * coordinates.  This method sets the user clip, which is
     * independent of the clipping associated with device bounds
     * and window visibility.
     * Rendering operations have no effect outside of the clipping area.
     * @param       x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the new clip rectangle.
     * @param       y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the new clip rectangle.
     * @param       width the width of the new clip rectangle.
     * @param       height the height of the new clip rectangle.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#clipRect
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#setClip(Shape)
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#getClip
     * @since       1.1
     */
    public abstract void setClip(int x, int y, int width, int height);

    /**
     * Gets the current clipping area.
     * This method returns the user clip, which is independent of the
     * clipping associated with device bounds and window visibility.
     * If no clip has previously been set, or if the clip has been
     * cleared using {@code setClip(null)}, this method returns
     * {@code null}.
     * @return      a {@code Shape} object representing the
     *              current clipping area, or {@code null} if
     *              no clip is set.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#getClipBounds
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#clipRect
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#setClip(int, int, int, int)
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#setClip(Shape)
     * @since       1.1
     */
    public abstract Shape getClip();

    /**
     * Sets the current clipping area to an arbitrary clip shape.
     * Not all objects that implement the {@code Shape}
     * interface can be used to set the clip.  The only
     * {@code Shape} objects that are guaranteed to be
     * supported are {@code Shape} objects that are
     * obtained via the {@code getClip} method and via
     * {@code Rectangle} objects.  This method sets the
     * user clip, which is independent of the clipping associated
     * with device bounds and window visibility.
     * @param clip the {@code Shape} to use to set the clip.
     *             Passing {@code null} clears the current {@code clip}.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#getClip()
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#clipRect
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#setClip(int, int, int, int)
     * @since       1.1
     */
    public abstract void setClip(Shape clip);

    /**
     * Copies an area of the component by a distance specified by
     * {@code dx} and {@code dy}. From the point specified
     * by {@code x} and {@code y}, this method
     * copies downwards and to the right.  To copy an area of the
     * component to the left or upwards, specify a negative value for
     * {@code dx} or {@code dy}.
     * If a portion of the source rectangle lies outside the bounds
     * of the component, or is obscured by another window or component,
     * {@code copyArea} will be unable to copy the associated
     * pixels. The area that is omitted can be refreshed by calling
     * the component's {@code paint} method.
     * @param       x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the source rectangle.
     * @param       y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the source rectangle.
     * @param       width the width of the source rectangle.
     * @param       height the height of the source rectangle.
     * @param       dx the horizontal distance to copy the pixels.
     * @param       dy the vertical distance to copy the pixels.
     */
    public abstract void copyArea(int x, int y, int width, int height,
                                  int dx, int dy);

    /**
     * Draws a line, using the current color, between the points
     * <code>(x1,&nbsp;y1)</code> and <code>(x2,&nbsp;y2)</code>
     * in this graphics context's coordinate system.
     * @param   x1  the first point's <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param   y1  the first point's <i>y</i> coordinate.
     * @param   x2  the second point's <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param   y2  the second point's <i>y</i> coordinate.
     */
    public abstract void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);

    /**
     * Fills the specified rectangle.
     * The left and right edges of the rectangle are at
     * {@code x} and <code>x&nbsp;+&nbsp;width&nbsp;-&nbsp;1</code>.
     * The top and bottom edges are at
     * {@code y} and <code>y&nbsp;+&nbsp;height&nbsp;-&nbsp;1</code>.
     * The resulting rectangle covers an area
     * {@code width} pixels wide by
     * {@code height} pixels tall.
     * The rectangle is filled using the graphics context's current color.
     * @param         x   the <i>x</i> coordinate
     *                         of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param         y   the <i>y</i> coordinate
     *                         of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param         width   the width of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param         height   the height of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @see           java.awt.Graphics#clearRect
     * @see           java.awt.Graphics#drawRect
     */
    public abstract void fillRect(int x, int y, int width, int height);

    /**
     * Draws the outline of the specified rectangle.
     * The left and right edges of the rectangle are at
     * {@code x} and <code>x&nbsp;+&nbsp;width</code>.
     * The top and bottom edges are at
     * {@code y} and <code>y&nbsp;+&nbsp;height</code>.
     * The rectangle is drawn using the graphics context's current color.
     * @param         x   the <i>x</i> coordinate
     *                         of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param         y   the <i>y</i> coordinate
     *                         of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param         width   the width of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param         height   the height of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @see          java.awt.Graphics#fillRect
     * @see          java.awt.Graphics#clearRect
     */
    public void drawRect(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
        if ((width < 0) || (height < 0)) {
            return;
        }

        if (height == 0 || width == 0) {
            drawLine(x, y, x + width, y + height);
        } else {
            drawLine(x, y, x + width - 1, y);
            drawLine(x + width, y, x + width, y + height - 1);
            drawLine(x + width, y + height, x + 1, y + height);
            drawLine(x, y + height, x, y + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Clears the specified rectangle by filling it with the background
     * color of the current drawing surface. This operation does not
     * use the current paint mode.
     * <p>
     * Beginning with Java&nbsp;1.1, the background color
     * of offscreen images may be system dependent. Applications should
     * use {@code setColor} followed by {@code fillRect} to
     * ensure that an offscreen image is cleared to a specific color.
     * @param       x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the rectangle to clear.
     * @param       y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the rectangle to clear.
     * @param       width the width of the rectangle to clear.
     * @param       height the height of the rectangle to clear.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#fillRect(int, int, int, int)
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawRect
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#setColor(java.awt.Color)
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#setPaintMode
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#setXORMode(java.awt.Color)
     */
    public abstract void clearRect(int x, int y, int width, int height);

    /**
     * Draws an outlined round-cornered rectangle using this graphics
     * context's current color. The left and right edges of the rectangle
     * are at {@code x} and <code>x&nbsp;+&nbsp;width</code>,
     * respectively. The top and bottom edges of the rectangle are at
     * {@code y} and <code>y&nbsp;+&nbsp;height</code>.
     * @param      x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param      y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param      width the width of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param      height the height of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param      arcWidth the horizontal diameter of the arc
     *                    at the four corners.
     * @param      arcHeight the vertical diameter of the arc
     *                    at the four corners.
     * @see        java.awt.Graphics#fillRoundRect
     */
    public abstract void drawRoundRect(int x, int y, int width, int height,
                                       int arcWidth, int arcHeight);

    /**
     * Fills the specified rounded corner rectangle with the current color.
     * The left and right edges of the rectangle
     * are at {@code x} and <code>x&nbsp;+&nbsp;width&nbsp;-&nbsp;1</code>,
     * respectively. The top and bottom edges of the rectangle are at
     * {@code y} and <code>y&nbsp;+&nbsp;height&nbsp;-&nbsp;1</code>.
     * @param       x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param       y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param       width the width of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param       height the height of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param       arcWidth the horizontal diameter
     *                     of the arc at the four corners.
     * @param       arcHeight the vertical diameter
     *                     of the arc at the four corners.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawRoundRect
     */
    public abstract void fillRoundRect(int x, int y, int width, int height,
                                       int arcWidth, int arcHeight);

    /**
     * Draws a 3-D highlighted outline of the specified rectangle.
     * The edges of the rectangle are highlighted so that they
     * appear to be beveled and lit from the upper left corner.
     * <p>
     * The colors used for the highlighting effect are determined
     * based on the current color.
     * The resulting rectangle covers an area that is
     * <code>width&nbsp;+&nbsp;1</code> pixels wide
     * by <code>height&nbsp;+&nbsp;1</code> pixels tall.
     * @param       x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param       y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param       width the width of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param       height the height of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param       raised a boolean that determines whether the rectangle
     *                      appears to be raised above the surface
     *                      or sunk into the surface.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#fill3DRect
     */
    public void draw3DRect(int x, int y, int width, int height,
                           boolean raised) {
        Color c = getColor();
        Color brighter = c.brighter();
        Color darker = c.darker();

        setColor(raised ? brighter : darker);
        drawLine(x, y, x, y + height);
        drawLine(x + 1, y, x + width - 1, y);
        setColor(raised ? darker : brighter);
        drawLine(x + 1, y + height, x + width, y + height);
        drawLine(x + width, y, x + width, y + height - 1);
        setColor(c);
    }

    /**
     * Paints a 3-D highlighted rectangle filled with the current color.
     * The edges of the rectangle will be highlighted so that it appears
     * as if the edges were beveled and lit from the upper left corner.
     * The colors used for the highlighting effect will be determined from
     * the current color.
     * @param       x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param       y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param       width the width of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param       height the height of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param       raised a boolean value that determines whether the
     *                      rectangle appears to be raised above the surface
     *                      or etched into the surface.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#draw3DRect
     */
    public void fill3DRect(int x, int y, int width, int height,
                           boolean raised) {
        Color c = getColor();
        Color brighter = c.brighter();
        Color darker = c.darker();

        if (!raised) {
            setColor(darker);
        }
        fillRect(x+1, y+1, width-2, height-2);
        setColor(raised ? brighter : darker);
        drawLine(x, y, x, y + height - 1);
        drawLine(x + 1, y, x + width - 2, y);
        setColor(raised ? darker : brighter);
        drawLine(x + 1, y + height - 1, x + width - 1, y + height - 1);
        drawLine(x + width - 1, y, x + width - 1, y + height - 2);
        setColor(c);
    }

    /**
     * Draws the outline of an oval.
     * The result is a circle or ellipse that fits within the
     * rectangle specified by the {@code x}, {@code y},
     * {@code width}, and {@code height} arguments.
     * <p>
     * The oval covers an area that is
     * <code>width&nbsp;+&nbsp;1</code> pixels wide
     * and <code>height&nbsp;+&nbsp;1</code> pixels tall.
     * @param       x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the upper left
     *                     corner of the oval to be drawn.
     * @param       y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the upper left
     *                     corner of the oval to be drawn.
     * @param       width the width of the oval to be drawn.
     * @param       height the height of the oval to be drawn.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#fillOval
     */
    public abstract void drawOval(int x, int y, int width, int height);

    /**
     * Fills an oval bounded by the specified rectangle with the
     * current color.
     * @param       x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the upper left corner
     *                     of the oval to be filled.
     * @param       y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the upper left corner
     *                     of the oval to be filled.
     * @param       width the width of the oval to be filled.
     * @param       height the height of the oval to be filled.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawOval
     */
    public abstract void fillOval(int x, int y, int width, int height);

    /**
     * Draws the outline of a circular or elliptical arc
     * covering the specified rectangle.
     * <p>
     * The resulting arc begins at {@code startAngle} and extends
     * for {@code arcAngle} degrees, using the current color.
     * Angles are interpreted such that 0&nbsp;degrees
     * is at the 3&nbsp;o'clock position.
     * A positive value indicates a counter-clockwise rotation
     * while a negative value indicates a clockwise rotation.
     * <p>
     * The center of the arc is the center of the rectangle whose origin
     * is (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) and whose size is specified by the
     * {@code width} and {@code height} arguments.
     * <p>
     * The resulting arc covers an area
     * <code>width&nbsp;+&nbsp;1</code> pixels wide
     * by <code>height&nbsp;+&nbsp;1</code> pixels tall.
     * <p>
     * The angles are specified relative to the non-square extents of
     * the bounding rectangle such that 45 degrees always falls on the
     * line from the center of the ellipse to the upper right corner of
     * the bounding rectangle. As a result, if the bounding rectangle is
     * noticeably longer in one axis than the other, the angles to the
     * start and end of the arc segment will be skewed farther along the
     * longer axis of the bounds.
     * @param        x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the
     *                    upper-left corner of the arc to be drawn.
     * @param        y the <i>y</i>  coordinate of the
     *                    upper-left corner of the arc to be drawn.
     * @param        width the width of the arc to be drawn.
     * @param        height the height of the arc to be drawn.
     * @param        startAngle the beginning angle.
     * @param        arcAngle the angular extent of the arc,
     *                    relative to the start angle.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#fillArc
     */
    public abstract void drawArc(int x, int y, int width, int height,
                                 int startAngle, int arcAngle);

    /**
     * Fills a circular or elliptical arc covering the specified rectangle.
     * <p>
     * The resulting arc begins at {@code startAngle} and extends
     * for {@code arcAngle} degrees.
     * Angles are interpreted such that 0&nbsp;degrees
     * is at the 3&nbsp;o'clock position.
     * A positive value indicates a counter-clockwise rotation
     * while a negative value indicates a clockwise rotation.
     * <p>
     * The center of the arc is the center of the rectangle whose origin
     * is (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) and whose size is specified by the
     * {@code width} and {@code height} arguments.
     * <p>
     * The resulting arc covers an area
     * <code>width&nbsp;+&nbsp;1</code> pixels wide
     * by <code>height&nbsp;+&nbsp;1</code> pixels tall.
     * <p>
     * The angles are specified relative to the non-square extents of
     * the bounding rectangle such that 45 degrees always falls on the
     * line from the center of the ellipse to the upper right corner of
     * the bounding rectangle. As a result, if the bounding rectangle is
     * noticeably longer in one axis than the other, the angles to the
     * start and end of the arc segment will be skewed farther along the
     * longer axis of the bounds.
     * @param        x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the
     *                    upper-left corner of the arc to be filled.
     * @param        y the <i>y</i>  coordinate of the
     *                    upper-left corner of the arc to be filled.
     * @param        width the width of the arc to be filled.
     * @param        height the height of the arc to be filled.
     * @param        startAngle the beginning angle.
     * @param        arcAngle the angular extent of the arc,
     *                    relative to the start angle.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawArc
     */
    public abstract void fillArc(int x, int y, int width, int height,
                                 int startAngle, int arcAngle);

    /**
     * Draws a sequence of connected lines defined by
     * arrays of <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> coordinates.
     * Each pair of (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) coordinates defines a point.
     * The figure is not closed if the first point
     * differs from the last point.
     * @param       xPoints an array of <i>x</i> points
     * @param       yPoints an array of <i>y</i> points
     * @param       nPoints the total number of points
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawPolygon(int[], int[], int)
     * @since       1.1
     */
    public abstract void drawPolyline(int[] xPoints, int[] yPoints,
                                      int nPoints);

    /**
     * Draws a closed polygon defined by
     * arrays of <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> coordinates.
     * Each pair of (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) coordinates defines a point.
     * <p>
     * This method draws the polygon defined by {@code nPoint} line
     * segments, where the first <code>nPoint&nbsp;-&nbsp;1</code>
     * line segments are line segments from
     * <code>(xPoints[i&nbsp;-&nbsp;1],&nbsp;yPoints[i&nbsp;-&nbsp;1])</code>
     * to <code>(xPoints[i],&nbsp;yPoints[i])</code>, for
     * 1&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<i>i</i>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;{@code nPoints}.
     * The figure is automatically closed by drawing a line connecting
     * the final point to the first point, if those points are different.
     * @param        xPoints   a an array of {@code x} coordinates.
     * @param        yPoints   a an array of {@code y} coordinates.
     * @param        nPoints   a the total number of points.
     * @see          java.awt.Graphics#fillPolygon
     * @see          java.awt.Graphics#drawPolyline
     */
    public abstract void drawPolygon(int[] xPoints, int[] yPoints,
                                     int nPoints);

    /**
     * Draws the outline of a polygon defined by the specified
     * {@code Polygon} object.
     * @param        p the polygon to draw.
     * @see          java.awt.Graphics#fillPolygon
     * @see          java.awt.Graphics#drawPolyline
     */
    public void drawPolygon(Polygon p) {
        drawPolygon(p.xpoints, p.ypoints, p.npoints);
    }

    /**
     * Fills a closed polygon defined by
     * arrays of <i>x</i> and <i>y</i> coordinates.
     * <p>
     * This method draws the polygon defined by {@code nPoint} line
     * segments, where the first <code>nPoint&nbsp;-&nbsp;1</code>
     * line segments are line segments from
     * <code>(xPoints[i&nbsp;-&nbsp;1],&nbsp;yPoints[i&nbsp;-&nbsp;1])</code>
     * to <code>(xPoints[i],&nbsp;yPoints[i])</code>, for
     * 1&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;<i>i</i>&nbsp;&le;&nbsp;{@code nPoints}.
     * The figure is automatically closed by drawing a line connecting
     * the final point to the first point, if those points are different.
     * <p>
     * The area inside the polygon is defined using an
     * even-odd fill rule, also known as the alternating rule.
     * @param        xPoints   a an array of {@code x} coordinates.
     * @param        yPoints   a an array of {@code y} coordinates.
     * @param        nPoints   a the total number of points.
     * @see          java.awt.Graphics#drawPolygon(int[], int[], int)
     */
    public abstract void fillPolygon(int[] xPoints, int[] yPoints,
                                     int nPoints);

    /**
     * Fills the polygon defined by the specified Polygon object with
     * the graphics context's current color.
     * <p>
     * The area inside the polygon is defined using an
     * even-odd fill rule, also known as the alternating rule.
     * @param        p the polygon to fill.
     * @see          java.awt.Graphics#drawPolygon(int[], int[], int)
     */
    public void fillPolygon(Polygon p) {
        fillPolygon(p.xpoints, p.ypoints, p.npoints);
    }

    /**
     * Draws the text given by the specified string, using this
     * graphics context's current font and color. The baseline of the
     * leftmost character is at position (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) in this
     * graphics context's coordinate system.
     * @param       str      the string to be drawn.
     * @param       x        the <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param       y        the <i>y</i> coordinate.
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code str} is {@code null}.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawBytes
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawChars
     */
    public abstract void drawString(String str, int x, int y);

    /**
     * Renders the text of the specified iterator applying its attributes
     * in accordance with the specification of the
     * {@link java.awt.font.TextAttribute TextAttribute} class.
     * <p>
     * The baseline of the leftmost character is at position
     * (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) in this graphics context's coordinate system.
     * @param       iterator the iterator whose text is to be drawn
     * @param       x        the <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param       y        the <i>y</i> coordinate.
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code iterator} is
     * {@code null}.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawBytes
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawChars
     */
   public abstract void drawString(AttributedCharacterIterator iterator,
                                    int x, int y);

    /**
     * Draws the text given by the specified character array, using this
     * graphics context's current font and color. The baseline of the
     * first character is at position (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) in this
     * graphics context's coordinate system.
     * @param data the array of characters to be drawn
     * @param offset the start offset in the data
     * @param length the number of characters to be drawn
     * @param x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the baseline of the text
     * @param y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the baseline of the text
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code data} is {@code null}.
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code offset} or
     * {@code length} is less than zero, or
     * {@code offset+length} is greater than the length of the
     * {@code data} array.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawBytes
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawString
     */
    public void drawChars(char[] data, int offset, int length, int x, int y) {
        drawString(new String(data, offset, length), x, y);
    }

    /**
     * Draws the text given by the specified byte array, using this
     * graphics context's current font and color. The baseline of the
     * first character is at position (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) in this
     * graphics context's coordinate system.
     * <p>
     * Use of this method is not recommended as each byte is interpreted
     * as a Unicode code point in the range 0 to 255, and so can only be
     * used to draw Latin characters in that range.
     * @param data the data to be drawn
     * @param offset the start offset in the data
     * @param length the number of bytes that are drawn
     * @param x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the baseline of the text
     * @param y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the baseline of the text
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code data} is {@code null}.
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code offset} or
     * {@code length} is less than zero, or {@code offset+length}
     * is greater than the length of the {@code data} array.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawChars
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawString
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    public void drawBytes(byte[] data, int offset, int length, int x, int y) {
        drawString(new String(data, 0, offset, length), x, y);
    }

    /**
     * Draws as much of the specified image as is currently available.
     * The image is drawn with its top-left corner at
     * (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) in this graphics context's coordinate
     * space. Transparent pixels in the image do not affect whatever
     * pixels are already there.
     * <p>
     * This method returns immediately in all cases, even if the
     * complete image has not yet been loaded, and it has not been dithered
     * and converted for the current output device.
     * <p>
     * If the image has completely loaded and its pixels are
     * no longer being changed, then
     * {@code drawImage} returns {@code true}.
     * Otherwise, {@code drawImage} returns {@code false}
     * and as more of
     * the image becomes available
     * or it is time to draw another frame of animation,
     * the process that loads the image notifies
     * the specified image observer.
     * @param    img the specified image to be drawn. This method does
     *               nothing if {@code img} is null.
     * @param    x   the <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param    y   the <i>y</i> coordinate.
     * @param    observer    object to be notified as more of
     *                          the image is converted.
     * @return   {@code false} if the image pixels are still changing;
     *           {@code true} otherwise.
     * @see      java.awt.Image
     * @see      java.awt.image.ImageObserver
     * @see      java.awt.image.ImageObserver#imageUpdate(java.awt.Image, int, int, int, int, int)
     */
    public abstract boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y,
                                      ImageObserver observer);

    /**
     * Draws as much of the specified image as has already been scaled
     * to fit inside the specified rectangle.
     * <p>
     * The image is drawn inside the specified rectangle of this
     * graphics context's coordinate space, and is scaled if
     * necessary. Transparent pixels do not affect whatever pixels
     * are already there.
     * <p>
     * This method returns immediately in all cases, even if the
     * entire image has not yet been scaled, dithered, and converted
     * for the current output device.
     * If the current output representation is not yet complete, then
     * {@code drawImage} returns {@code false}. As more of
     * the image becomes available, the process that loads the image notifies
     * the image observer by calling its {@code imageUpdate} method.
     * <p>
     * A scaled version of an image will not necessarily be
     * available immediately just because an unscaled version of the
     * image has been constructed for this output device.  Each size of
     * the image may be cached separately and generated from the original
     * data in a separate image production sequence.
     * @param    img    the specified image to be drawn. This method does
     *                  nothing if {@code img} is null.
     * @param    x      the <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param    y      the <i>y</i> coordinate.
     * @param    width  the width of the rectangle.
     * @param    height the height of the rectangle.
     * @param    observer    object to be notified as more of
     *                          the image is converted.
     * @return   {@code false} if the image pixels are still changing;
     *           {@code true} otherwise.
     * @see      java.awt.Image
     * @see      java.awt.image.ImageObserver
     * @see      java.awt.image.ImageObserver#imageUpdate(java.awt.Image, int, int, int, int, int)
     */
    public abstract boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y,
                                      int width, int height,
                                      ImageObserver observer);

    /**
     * Draws as much of the specified image as is currently available.
     * The image is drawn with its top-left corner at
     * (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) in this graphics context's coordinate
     * space.  Transparent pixels are drawn in the specified
     * background color.
     * <p>
     * This operation is equivalent to filling a rectangle of the
     * width and height of the specified image with the given color and then
     * drawing the image on top of it, but possibly more efficient.
     * <p>
     * This method returns immediately in all cases, even if the
     * complete image has not yet been loaded, and it has not been dithered
     * and converted for the current output device.
     * <p>
     * If the image has completely loaded and its pixels are
     * no longer being changed, then
     * {@code drawImage} returns {@code true}.
     * Otherwise, {@code drawImage} returns {@code false}
     * and as more of
     * the image becomes available
     * or it is time to draw another frame of animation,
     * the process that loads the image notifies
     * the specified image observer.
     * @param    img the specified image to be drawn. This method does
     *               nothing if {@code img} is null.
     * @param    x      the <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param    y      the <i>y</i> coordinate.
     * @param    bgcolor the background color to paint under the
     *                         non-opaque portions of the image.
     * @param    observer    object to be notified as more of
     *                          the image is converted.
     * @return   {@code false} if the image pixels are still changing;
     *           {@code true} otherwise.
     * @see      java.awt.Image
     * @see      java.awt.image.ImageObserver
     * @see      java.awt.image.ImageObserver#imageUpdate(java.awt.Image, int, int, int, int, int)
     */
    public abstract boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y,
                                      Color bgcolor,
                                      ImageObserver observer);

    /**
     * Draws as much of the specified image as has already been scaled
     * to fit inside the specified rectangle.
     * <p>
     * The image is drawn inside the specified rectangle of this
     * graphics context's coordinate space, and is scaled if
     * necessary. Transparent pixels are drawn in the specified
     * background color.
     * This operation is equivalent to filling a rectangle of the
     * width and height of the specified image with the given color and then
     * drawing the image on top of it, but possibly more efficient.
     * <p>
     * This method returns immediately in all cases, even if the
     * entire image has not yet been scaled, dithered, and converted
     * for the current output device.
     * If the current output representation is not yet complete then
     * {@code drawImage} returns {@code false}. As more of
     * the image becomes available, the process that loads the image notifies
     * the specified image observer.
     * <p>
     * A scaled version of an image will not necessarily be
     * available immediately just because an unscaled version of the
     * image has been constructed for this output device.  Each size of
     * the image may be cached separately and generated from the original
     * data in a separate image production sequence.
     * @param    img       the specified image to be drawn. This method does
     *                     nothing if {@code img} is null.
     * @param    x         the <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param    y         the <i>y</i> coordinate.
     * @param    width     the width of the rectangle.
     * @param    height    the height of the rectangle.
     * @param    bgcolor   the background color to paint under the
     *                         non-opaque portions of the image.
     * @param    observer    object to be notified as more of
     *                          the image is converted.
     * @return   {@code false} if the image pixels are still changing;
     *           {@code true} otherwise.
     * @see      java.awt.Image
     * @see      java.awt.image.ImageObserver
     * @see      java.awt.image.ImageObserver#imageUpdate(java.awt.Image, int, int, int, int, int)
     */
    public abstract boolean drawImage(Image img, int x, int y,
                                      int width, int height,
                                      Color bgcolor,
                                      ImageObserver observer);

    /**
     * Draws as much of the specified area of the specified image as is
     * currently available, scaling it on the fly to fit inside the
     * specified area of the destination drawable surface. Transparent pixels
     * do not affect whatever pixels are already there.
     * <p>
     * This method returns immediately in all cases, even if the
     * image area to be drawn has not yet been scaled, dithered, and converted
     * for the current output device.
     * If the current output representation is not yet complete then
     * {@code drawImage} returns {@code false}. As more of
     * the image becomes available, the process that loads the image notifies
     * the specified image observer.
     * <p>
     * This method always uses the unscaled version of the image
     * to render the scaled rectangle and performs the required
     * scaling on the fly. It does not use a cached, scaled version
     * of the image for this operation. Scaling of the image from source
     * to destination is performed such that the first coordinate
     * of the source rectangle is mapped to the first coordinate of
     * the destination rectangle, and the second source coordinate is
     * mapped to the second destination coordinate. The subimage is
     * scaled and flipped as needed to preserve those mappings.
     * @param       img the specified image to be drawn. This method does
     *                  nothing if {@code img} is null.
     * @param       dx1 the <i>x</i> coordinate of the first corner of the
     *                    destination rectangle.
     * @param       dy1 the <i>y</i> coordinate of the first corner of the
     *                    destination rectangle.
     * @param       dx2 the <i>x</i> coordinate of the second corner of the
     *                    destination rectangle.
     * @param       dy2 the <i>y</i> coordinate of the second corner of the
     *                    destination rectangle.
     * @param       sx1 the <i>x</i> coordinate of the first corner of the
     *                    source rectangle.
     * @param       sy1 the <i>y</i> coordinate of the first corner of the
     *                    source rectangle.
     * @param       sx2 the <i>x</i> coordinate of the second corner of the
     *                    source rectangle.
     * @param       sy2 the <i>y</i> coordinate of the second corner of the
     *                    source rectangle.
     * @param       observer object to be notified as more of the image is
     *                    scaled and converted.
     * @return   {@code false} if the image pixels are still changing;
     *           {@code true} otherwise.
     * @see         java.awt.Image
     * @see         java.awt.image.ImageObserver
     * @see         java.awt.image.ImageObserver#imageUpdate(java.awt.Image, int, int, int, int, int)
     * @since       1.1
     */
    public abstract boolean drawImage(Image img,
                                      int dx1, int dy1, int dx2, int dy2,
                                      int sx1, int sy1, int sx2, int sy2,
                                      ImageObserver observer);

    /**
     * Draws as much of the specified area of the specified image as is
     * currently available, scaling it on the fly to fit inside the
     * specified area of the destination drawable surface.
     * <p>
     * Transparent pixels are drawn in the specified background color.
     * This operation is equivalent to filling a rectangle of the
     * width and height of the specified image with the given color and then
     * drawing the image on top of it, but possibly more efficient.
     * <p>
     * This method returns immediately in all cases, even if the
     * image area to be drawn has not yet been scaled, dithered, and converted
     * for the current output device.
     * If the current output representation is not yet complete then
     * {@code drawImage} returns {@code false}. As more of
     * the image becomes available, the process that loads the image notifies
     * the specified image observer.
     * <p>
     * This method always uses the unscaled version of the image
     * to render the scaled rectangle and performs the required
     * scaling on the fly. It does not use a cached, scaled version
     * of the image for this operation. Scaling of the image from source
     * to destination is performed such that the first coordinate
     * of the source rectangle is mapped to the first coordinate of
     * the destination rectangle, and the second source coordinate is
     * mapped to the second destination coordinate. The subimage is
     * scaled and flipped as needed to preserve those mappings.
     * @param       img the specified image to be drawn. This method does
     *                  nothing if {@code img} is null.
     * @param       dx1 the <i>x</i> coordinate of the first corner of the
     *                    destination rectangle.
     * @param       dy1 the <i>y</i> coordinate of the first corner of the
     *                    destination rectangle.
     * @param       dx2 the <i>x</i> coordinate of the second corner of the
     *                    destination rectangle.
     * @param       dy2 the <i>y</i> coordinate of the second corner of the
     *                    destination rectangle.
     * @param       sx1 the <i>x</i> coordinate of the first corner of the
     *                    source rectangle.
     * @param       sy1 the <i>y</i> coordinate of the first corner of the
     *                    source rectangle.
     * @param       sx2 the <i>x</i> coordinate of the second corner of the
     *                    source rectangle.
     * @param       sy2 the <i>y</i> coordinate of the second corner of the
     *                    source rectangle.
     * @param       bgcolor the background color to paint under the
     *                    non-opaque portions of the image.
     * @param       observer object to be notified as more of the image is
     *                    scaled and converted.
     * @return   {@code false} if the image pixels are still changing;
     *           {@code true} otherwise.
     * @see         java.awt.Image
     * @see         java.awt.image.ImageObserver
     * @see         java.awt.image.ImageObserver#imageUpdate(java.awt.Image, int, int, int, int, int)
     * @since       1.1
     */
    public abstract boolean drawImage(Image img,
                                      int dx1, int dy1, int dx2, int dy2,
                                      int sx1, int sy1, int sx2, int sy2,
                                      Color bgcolor,
                                      ImageObserver observer);

    /**
     * Disposes of this graphics context and releases
     * any system resources that it is using.
     * A {@code Graphics} object cannot be used after
     * {@code dispose} has been called.
     * <p>
     * When a Java program runs, a large number of {@code Graphics}
     * objects can be created within a short time frame.
     * Although the finalization process of the garbage collector
     * also disposes of the same system resources, it is preferable
     * to manually free the associated resources by calling this
     * method rather than to rely on a finalization process which
     * may not run to completion for a long period of time.
     * <p>
     * Graphics objects which are provided as arguments to the
     * {@code paint} and {@code update} methods
     * of components are automatically released by the system when
     * those methods return. For efficiency, programmers should
     * call {@code dispose} when finished using
     * a {@code Graphics} object only if it was created
     * directly from a component or another {@code Graphics} object.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#finalize
     * @see         java.awt.Component#paint
     * @see         java.awt.Component#update
     * @see         java.awt.Component#getGraphics
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#create
     */
    public abstract void dispose();

    /**
     * Disposes of this graphics context once it is no longer referenced.
     *
     * @deprecated The {@code finalize} method has been deprecated.
     *     Subclasses that override {@code finalize} in order to perform cleanup
     *     should be modified to use alternative cleanup mechanisms and
     *     to remove the overriding {@code finalize} method.
     *     When overriding the {@code finalize} method, its implementation must explicitly
     *     ensure that {@code super.finalize()} is invoked as described in {@link Object#finalize}.
     *     See the specification for {@link Object#finalize()} for further
     *     information about migration options.
     * @see #dispose
     */
    @Deprecated(since="9")
    public void finalize() {
        dispose();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@code String} object representing this
     *                        {@code Graphics} object's value.
     * @return       a string representation of this graphics context.
     */
    public String toString() {
        return getClass().getName() + "[font=" + getFont() + ",color=" + getColor() + "]";
    }

    /**
     * Returns the bounding rectangle of the current clipping area.
     * @return      the bounding rectangle of the current clipping area
     *              or {@code null} if no clip is set.
     * @deprecated As of JDK version 1.1,
     * replaced by {@code getClipBounds()}.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public Rectangle getClipRect() {
        return getClipBounds();
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the specified rectangular area might intersect
     * the current clipping area.
     * The coordinates of the specified rectangular area are in the
     * user coordinate space and are relative to the coordinate
     * system origin of this graphics context.
     * This method may use an algorithm that calculates a result quickly
     * but which sometimes might return true even if the specified
     * rectangular area does not intersect the clipping area.
     * The specific algorithm employed may thus trade off accuracy for
     * speed, but it will never return false unless it can guarantee
     * that the specified rectangular area does not intersect the
     * current clipping area.
     * The clipping area used by this method can represent the
     * intersection of the user clip as specified through the clip
     * methods of this graphics context as well as the clipping
     * associated with the device or image bounds and window visibility.
     *
     * @param x the x coordinate of the rectangle to test against the clip
     * @param y the y coordinate of the rectangle to test against the clip
     * @param width the width of the rectangle to test against the clip
     * @param height the height of the rectangle to test against the clip
     * @return {@code true} if the specified rectangle intersects
     *         the bounds of the current clip; {@code false}
     *         otherwise.
     */
    public boolean hitClip(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
        // Note, this implementation is not very efficient.
        // Subclasses should override this method and calculate
        // the results more directly.
        Rectangle clipRect = getClipBounds();
        if (clipRect == null) {
            return true;
        }
        return clipRect.intersects(x, y, width, height);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the bounding rectangle of the current clipping area.
     * The coordinates in the rectangle are relative to the coordinate
     * system origin of this graphics context.  This method differs
     * from {@link #getClipBounds() getClipBounds} in that an existing
     * rectangle is used instead of allocating a new one.
     * This method refers to the user clip, which is independent of the
     * clipping associated with device bounds and window visibility.
     *  If no clip has previously been set, or if the clip has been
     * cleared using {@code setClip(null)}, this method returns the
     * specified {@code Rectangle}.
     * @param  r    the rectangle where the current clipping area is
     *              copied to.  Any current values in this rectangle are
     *              overwritten.
     * @return      the bounding rectangle of the current clipping area.
     */
    public Rectangle getClipBounds(Rectangle r) {
        // Note, this implementation is not very efficient.
        // Subclasses should override this method and avoid
        // the allocation overhead of getClipBounds().
        Rectangle clipRect = getClipBounds();
        if (clipRect != null) {
            r.x = clipRect.x;
            r.y = clipRect.y;
            r.width = clipRect.width;
            r.height = clipRect.height;
        } else if (r == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("null rectangle parameter");
        }
        return r;
    }
}