NamespaceOperation.java

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/*
   Copyright 2016 Attila Szegedi

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package jdk.dynalink;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * Describes an operation that operates on at least one {@link Namespace} of
 * an object. E.g. a property getter would be described as
 * <pre>
 * Operation propertyGetter = new NamespaceOperation(
 *     StandardOperation.GET,
 *     StandardNamespace.PROPERTY);
 * </pre>
 * They are often combined with {@link NamedOperation}, e.g. to express a
 * property getter for a property named "color", you would construct:
 * <pre>
 * Operation colorPropertyGetter = new NamedOperation(
 *     new NamespaceOperation(
 *         StandardOperation.GET,
 *         StandardNamespace.PROPERTY),
 *     "color");
 * </pre>
 * <p>While {@code NamespaceOperation} can be constructed directly, it is often convenient
 * to use the {@link Operation#withNamespace(Namespace)} and {@link Operation#withNamespaces(Namespace...)} factory
 * methods instead, e.g.:
 * <pre>
 * Operation getElementOrPropertyEmpty =
 *     StandardOperation.GET
 *         .withNamespace(StandardNamespace.PROPERTY)
 *         .named("color");
 * </pre>
 * <h2>Operations on multiple namespaces</h2>
 * If multiple namespaces are specified, the namespaces are treated as
 * alternatives to each other in order of preference. The semantics of
 * such operation is "first applicable".
 * That is, a composite of {@code GET:PROPERTY|ELEMENT:color} should be
 * interpreted as <i>get the property named "color" on the object, but if the
 * property does not exist, then get the collection element named "color"
 * instead</i>.
 * <p>
 * Operations with multiple namespaces are helpful in implementation of languages that
 * don't distinguish between one or more of the namespaces, or when expressing operations
 * against objects that can be considered both ordinary objects and collections, e.g. Java
 * {@link java.util.Map} objects. A {@code GET:PROPERTY|ELEMENT:empty} operation
 * against a Java map will always match
 * the {@link java.util.Map#isEmpty()} property, but
 * {@code GET:ELEMENT|PROPERTY:empty} will actually match a map element with
 * key {@code "empty"} if the map contains that key, and only fall back to the
 * {@code isEmpty()} property getter if the map does not contain the key. If
 * the source language mandates this semantics, it can be easily achieved using
 * operations on multiple namespaces.
 * <p>
 * Even if the language itself doesn't distinguish between some of the
 * namespaces, it can be helpful to map different syntaxes to different namespace orderings.
 * E.g. the source expression {@code obj.color} could map to
 * {@code GET:PROPERTY|ELEMENT|METHOD:color}, but a different source
 * expression that looks like collection element access {@code obj[key]} could
 * be expressed instead as {@code GET:ELEMENT|PROPERTY|METHOD} in order to favor the
 * element semantics. Finally, if the retrieved value is subsequently called, then it makes sense
 * to bring {@code METHOD} to the front of the namespace list: the getter part of the
 * source expression {@code obj.color()} could be
 * {@code GET:METHOD|PROPERTY|ELEMENT:color} and the one for
 * {@code obj[key]()} could be {@code GET:METHOD|ELEMENT|PROPERTY}.
 * <p>
 * The base operation of a namespace operation can not itself be a namespace or named
 * operation, but rather one of simple operations such are elements of
 * {@link StandardOperation}. A namespace operation itself can serve as the base
 * operation of a named operation, though; a typical way to construct e.g. the
 * {@code GET:ELEMENT|PROPERTY:empty} from above would be:
 * <pre>
 * Operation getElementOrPropertyEmpty = StandardOperation.GET
 *     .withNamespaces(
 *         StandardNamespace.ELEMENT,
 *         StandardNamespace.PROPERTY)
 *     .named("empty");
 * </pre>
 */
public final class NamespaceOperation implements Operation {
    private final Operation baseOperation;
    private final Namespace[] namespaces;

    /**
     * Constructs a new namespace operation.
     * @param baseOperation the base operation that operates on one or more namespaces.
     * @param namespaces one or more namespaces this operation operates on.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if less than one namespace is
     * specified, or the base operation is itself a {@link NamespaceOperation} or a
     * {@link NamedOperation}.
     * @throws NullPointerException if either the {@code namespaces} array or any of its
     * elements are {@code null}, or if {@code baseOperation} is {@code null}.
     */
    public NamespaceOperation(final Operation baseOperation, final Namespace... namespaces) {
        this.baseOperation = Objects.requireNonNull(baseOperation, "baseOperation is null");
        if (baseOperation instanceof NamedOperation) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("baseOperation is a NamedOperation");
        } else if (baseOperation instanceof NamespaceOperation) {
           throw new IllegalArgumentException("baseOperation is a NamespaceOperation");
        }

        this.namespaces = Objects.requireNonNull(namespaces, "namespaces array is null").clone();
        if (namespaces.length < 1) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Must specify at least one namespace");
        }
        for(int i = 0; i < namespaces.length; ++i) {
            final int fi = i;
            Objects.requireNonNull(namespaces[i], () -> "operations[" + fi + "] is null");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the base operation of this named operation.
     * @return the base operation of this named operation.
     */
    public Operation getBaseOperation() {
        return baseOperation;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the namespaces in this namespace operation. The returned
     * array is a copy and changes to it don't have effect on this
     * object.
     * @return the namespaces in this namespace operation.
     */
    public Namespace[] getNamespaces() {
        return namespaces.clone();
    }

    /**
     * Returns the number of namespaces in this namespace operation.
     * @return the number of namespaces in this namespace operation.
     */
    public int getNamespaceCount() {
        return namespaces.length;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the i-th namespace in this namespace operation.
     * @param i the namespace index
     * @return the i-th namespace in this namespace operation.
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range.
     */
    public Namespace getNamespace(final int i) {
        try {
            return namespaces[i];
        } catch (final ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(Integer.toString(i));
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if this namespace operation contains a namespace equal to
     * the specified namespace.
     * @param namespace the namespace being searched for. Must not be null.
     * @return true if the if this namespace operation contains a namespace
     * equal to the specified namespace.
     */
    public boolean contains(final Namespace namespace) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(namespace);
        for(final Namespace component: namespaces) {
            if (component.equals(namespace)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the other object is also a namespace operation and their
     * base operation and namespaces are equal.
     * @param obj the object to compare to
     * @return true if this object is equal to the other one, false otherwise.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(final Object obj) {
        if (obj instanceof NamespaceOperation) {
            final NamespaceOperation other = (NamespaceOperation)obj;
            return baseOperation.equals(other.baseOperation) && Arrays.equals(namespaces, other.namespaces);
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the hash code of this namespace operation. Defined to be equal
     * to {@code baseOperation.hashCode() + 31 * Arrays.hashCode(namespaces)}.
     */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return baseOperation.hashCode() + 31 * Arrays.hashCode(namespaces);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the string representation of this namespace operation. Defined to
     * be the {@code toString} of its base operation, followed by a colon character,
     * followed with the list of its namespaces separated with the vertical line
     * character (e.g. {@code "GET:PROPERTY|ELEMENT"}).
     * @return the string representation of this namespace operation.
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        final StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
        b.append(baseOperation).append(':');
        b.append(namespaces[0]);
        for(int i = 1; i < namespaces.length; ++i) {
            b.append('|').append(namespaces[i]);
        }
        return b.toString();
    }

    /**
     * If the passed operation is a namespace operation, returns its
     * {@link #getBaseOperation()}, otherwise returns the operation as is.
     * @param op the operation
     * @return the base operation of the passed operation.
     */
    public static Operation getBaseOperation(final Operation op) {
        return op instanceof NamespaceOperation ? ((NamespaceOperation )op).getBaseOperation() : op;
    }

    /**
     * If the passed operation is a namespace operation, returns its
     * {@link #getNamespaces()}, otherwise returns an empty array.
     * @param op the operation
     * @return the namespaces of the passed operation.
     */
    public static Namespace[] getNamespaces(final Operation op) {
        return op instanceof NamespaceOperation ? ((NamespaceOperation)op).getNamespaces() : new Namespace[0];
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the specified operation is a {@link NamespaceOperation}
     * and its base operation is equal to the specified operation, and it
     * contains the specified namespace. If it is not a {@link NamespaceOperation},
     * then it returns false.
     * @param op the operation. Must not be null.
     * @param baseOperation the base operation being searched for. Must not be null.
     * @param namespace the namespace being searched for. Must not be null.
     * @return true if the if the passed operation is a {@link NamespaceOperation},
     * its base operation equals the searched base operation, and contains a namespace
     * equal to the searched namespace.
     */
    public static boolean contains(final Operation op, final Operation baseOperation, final Namespace namespace) {
        if (op instanceof NamespaceOperation) {
            final NamespaceOperation no = (NamespaceOperation)op;
            return no.baseOperation.equals(baseOperation) && no.contains(namespace);
        }
        return false;
    }
}