v4l2-fh.rst

.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0

V4L2 File handles
-----------------

struct v4l2_fh provides a way to easily keep file handle specific data that is
used by the V4L2 framework. Its usage is mandatory in all drivers.

struct v4l2_fh is allocated in the driver's ``open()`` file operation handler.
It is typically embedded in a larger driver-specific structure. The
:c:type:`v4l2_fh` must be initialized with a call to :c:func:`v4l2_fh_init`,
and added to the video device with :c:func:`v4l2_fh_add`. This associates the
:c:type:`v4l2_fh` with the :c:type:`file` by setting ``file->private_data`` to
point to the :c:type:`v4l2_fh`.

Similarly, the struct v4l2_fh is freed in the driver's ``release()`` file
operation handler. It must be removed from the video device with
:c:func:`v4l2_fh_del` and cleaned up with :c:func:`v4l2_fh_exit` before being
freed.

Drivers must not access ``file->private_data`` directly. They can retrieve the
:c:type:`v4l2_fh` associated with a :c:type:`file` by calling
:c:func:`file_to_v4l2_fh`. Drivers can extract their own file handle structure
by using the container_of macro.

Example:

.. code-block:: c

	struct my_fh {
		int blah;
		struct v4l2_fh fh;
	};

	...

	int my_open(struct file *file)
	{
		struct my_fh *my_fh;
		struct video_device *vfd;
		int ret;

		...

		my_fh = kzalloc(sizeof(*my_fh), GFP_KERNEL);

		...

		v4l2_fh_init(&my_fh->fh, vfd);

		...

		v4l2_fh_add(&my_fh->fh, file);
		return 0;
	}

	int my_release(struct file *file)
	{
		struct v4l2_fh *fh = file_to_v4l2_fh(file);
		struct my_fh *my_fh = container_of(fh, struct my_fh, fh);

		...
		v4l2_fh_del(&my_fh->fh, file);
		v4l2_fh_exit(&my_fh->fh);
		kfree(my_fh);
		return 0;
	}

Below is a short description of the :c:type:`v4l2_fh` functions used:

:c:func:`v4l2_fh_init <v4l2_fh_init>`
(:c:type:`fh <v4l2_fh>`, :c:type:`vdev <video_device>`)

- Initialise the file handle. This **MUST** be performed in the driver's
  :c:type:`v4l2_file_operations`->open() handler.

:c:func:`v4l2_fh_add <v4l2_fh_add>`
(:c:type:`fh <v4l2_fh>`, struct file \*filp)

- Add a :c:type:`v4l2_fh` to :c:type:`video_device` file handle list.
  Must be called once the file handle is completely initialized.

:c:func:`v4l2_fh_del <v4l2_fh_del>`
(:c:type:`fh <v4l2_fh>`, struct file \*filp)

- Unassociate the file handle from :c:type:`video_device`. The file handle
  exit function may now be called.

:c:func:`v4l2_fh_exit <v4l2_fh_exit>`
(:c:type:`fh <v4l2_fh>`)

- Uninitialise the file handle. After uninitialisation the :c:type:`v4l2_fh`
  memory can be freed.

:c:func:`file_to_v4l2_fh <file_to_v4l2_fh>`
(struct file \*filp)

- Retrieve the :c:type:`v4l2_fh` instance associated with a :c:type:`file`.

If struct v4l2_fh is not embedded, then you can use these helper functions:

:c:func:`v4l2_fh_open <v4l2_fh_open>`
(struct file \*filp)

- This allocates a struct v4l2_fh, initializes it and adds it to
  the struct video_device associated with the file struct.

:c:func:`v4l2_fh_release <v4l2_fh_release>`
(struct file \*filp)

- This deletes it from the struct video_device associated with the
  file struct, uninitialised the :c:type:`v4l2_fh` and frees it.

These two functions can be plugged into the v4l2_file_operation's ``open()``
and ``release()`` ops.

Several drivers need to do something when the first file handle is opened and
when the last file handle closes. Two helper functions were added to check
whether the :c:type:`v4l2_fh` struct is the only open filehandle of the
associated device node:

:c:func:`v4l2_fh_is_singular <v4l2_fh_is_singular>`
(:c:type:`fh <v4l2_fh>`)

-  Returns 1 if the file handle is the only open file handle, else 0.

:c:func:`v4l2_fh_is_singular_file <v4l2_fh_is_singular_file>`
(struct file \*filp)

- Same, but it calls v4l2_fh_is_singular with filp->private_data.


V4L2 fh functions and data structures
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

.. kernel-doc:: include/media/v4l2-fh.h