@interact
def diffie_hellman(bits=slider(8, 513, 4, 8, 'Number of bits', False),
button=selector(["Show new example"],label='',buttons=True)):
maxp = 2 ^ bits
p = random_prime(maxp)
k = GF(p)
if bits > 100:
g = k(2)
else:
g = k.multiplicative_generator()
a = ZZ.random_element(10, maxp)
b = ZZ.random_element(10, maxp)
html("""
<style>
.gamodp, .gbmodp {
color:#000;
padding:5px
}
.gamodp {
background:#846FD8
}
.gbmodp {
background:#FFFC73
}
.dhsame {
color:#000;
font-weight:bold
}
</style>
<h2 style="color:#000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">%s-Bit Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange</h2>
<ol style="color:#000;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">
<li>Alice and Bob agree to use the prime number p = %s and base g = %s.</li>
<li>Alice chooses the secret integer a = %s, then sends Bob (<span class="gamodp">g<sup>a</sup> mod p</span>):<br/>%s<sup>%s</sup> mod %s = <span class="gamodp">%s</span>.</li>
<li>Bob chooses the secret integer b=%s, then sends Alice (<span class="gbmodp">g<sup>b</sup> mod p</span>):<br/>%s<sup>%s</sup> mod %s = <span class="gbmodp">%s</span>.</li>
<li>Alice computes (<span class="gbmodp">g<sup>b</sup> mod p</span>)<sup>a</sup> mod p:<br/>%s<sup>%s</sup> mod %s = <span class="dhsame">%s</span>.</li>
<li>Bob computes (<span class="gamodp">g<sup>a</sup> mod p</span>)<sup>b</sup> mod p:<br/>%s<sup>%s</sup> mod %s = <span class="dhsame">%s</span>.</li>
</ol>
""" % (bits, p, g, a, g, a, p, (g^a), b, g, b, p, (g^b), (g^b), a, p,
(g^ b)^a, g^a, b, p, (g^a)^b))
