def get_inventories(aggregated, consonants):
    with open(aggregated) as f:
        aggregated_data = [i for i in csv.DictReader(f, delimiter='\t')]

    with open(consonants) as f:
        segments = [segment for segment in csv.DictReader(f, delimiter='\t')]

    inventories = []
    for inventory in aggregated_data:
        inventory_consonants = int(inventory['Consonants'])
        if inventory_consonants <= 14 and 'dialect' not in inventory['LanguageName']:
            # Get rid of ugly language labels
            lang_name = inventory['LanguageName']
            
            if 'Maxakali' in lang_name:
                continue
                
            if lang_name.isupper() or lang_name.islower():
                inventory['LanguageName'] = inventory['LanguageName'].title()

            # Map the genus to actual language family name
            try:
                inventory['LanguageFamilyRoot'] = genus_to_family[inventory['LanguageFamilyGenus']]
            except KeyError:
                # If the language is unclassified, we'll have to skip it 😢
                continue

            inventory['Segments'] = []
            for segment in segments:
                if inventory['InventoryID'] == segment['InventoryID']:
                    inventory['Segments'].append(segment['Phoneme'])

            for key in ['Phonemes', 'Tones', 'Population', 'Trump', 'Country', 'Vowels']:
                del inventory[key]

            if inventory_consonants != len(inventory['Segments']):
                print('Invalid inv: {}'.format(inventory))
            else:
                inventories.append(inventory)

    else:
        return inventories


def get_features_dict(features_file, phonemes_file):
    with open(phonemes_file) as f:
        phonemes = [i for i in csv.DictReader(f, delimiter='\t')]

    phoneme_classes = {i['Phoneme']: i['CombinedClass'] for i in phonemes}
    
    with open(features_file) as f:
        features = [i for i in csv.DictReader(f, delimiter='\t')]

    features_d = {}

    # NOTE: if we need non-present features, disable deep copy
    for segment in features:
        # Only act on consonants
        if segment['syllabic'] == '+':
            continue
        else:
            segment_copy = {}
            for feature in segment:
                if segment[feature] == '0':
                    segment_copy[feature] = None
                elif segment[feature] == '+':
                    segment_copy[feature] = True
                elif segment[feature] == '-':
                    segment_copy[feature] = False
                elif segment[feature] == '+,-' or segment[feature] == '-,+':
                    segment_copy[feature] = True
                    segment_copy['complex'] = True
            
            try:
                segment_copy['class'] = phoneme_classes[segment['segment']]
            except KeyError:
                segment_copy['class'] = 'c-d-c'
            features_d[segment['segment']] = segment_copy
    
    else:
        return features_d

    
def get_genus_map(family_file, genus_file):
    # Initialise families and genera
    with open(family_file) as f:
        families = [i for i in csv.DictReader(f)]

    with open(genus_file) as f:
        genera = [i for i in csv.DictReader(f)]

    # Map a genus to a family, since the source data provides an ID instead of a pretty name
    families_map = {family['pk']: family['name'] for family in families}
    genus_to_family = {genus['name']: families_map[genus['family_pk']] for genus in genera}
    
    return genus_to_family
        
    
def is_voiced(segment):
    return features_d[segment]['periodicGlottalSource']


def is_plosive(segment):
    is_consonantal = features_d[segment]['consonantal'] is True
    is_not_sonorant = features_d[segment]['sonorant'] is False
    is_not_continuant = features_d[segment]['continuant'] is False
    is_not_strident = features_d[segment]['strident'] is None or features_d[segment]['strident'] is False
    is_not_delayed_release = features_d[segment]['delayedRelease'] is None or features_d[segment]['delayedRelease'] is False
    
    return is_consonantal and is_not_sonorant and is_not_continuant and is_not_strident and is_not_delayed_release


def is_affricate(segment):
    is_consonantal = features_d[segment]['consonantal'] is True
    is_not_sonorant = features_d[segment]['sonorant'] is False
    is_not_continuant = features_d[segment]['continuant'] is False
    is_strident = features_d[segment]['strident'] is True
    
    return is_consonantal and is_not_sonorant and is_not_continuant and is_strident


def is_fricative(segment):
    is_syllabic = features_d[segment]['syllabic'] is False
    is_not_sonorant = features_d[segment]['sonorant'] is False
    is_continuant = features_d[segment]['continuant'] is True
    
    return is_syllabic and is_not_sonorant and is_continuant


def is_nasal(segment):
    is_consonantal = features_d[segment]['consonantal'] is True
    is_nasal = features_d[segment]['nasal'] is True
    is_continuant = features_d[segment]['continuant'] is False
    
    return is_consonantal and is_nasal and is_continuant


def is_liquid(segment):
    is_consonantal = features_d[segment]['consonantal'] is True
    is_continuant = features_d[segment]['continuant'] is True
    is_sonorant = features_d[segment]['sonorant'] is True
    is_not_strident = features_d[segment]['strident'] is False or features_d[segment]['strident'] is None 
    has_lateral_feature = features_d[segment]['lateral'] is not None
    
    return is_consonantal and is_continuant and is_not_strident and is_sonorant and has_lateral_feature


def is_rothic(segment):
    is_consonantal = features_d[segment]['consonantal'] is True
    is_not_lateral = features_d[segment]['lateral'] is False
    
    return is_consonantal and is_liquid(segment) and is_not_lateral

def sanity_checks():
    plosives = 'p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʔ'.split()
    fricatives = 'ɸ β f v θ ð s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ'.split()
    laterals = 'l̪  l ɭ ʎ ʟ'.split()
    nasals = ' m ɱ n̪ n ɳ ɲ ŋ ɴ'.split()
    voiced = 'b d ɖ ɟ ɡ ɢ β v ð z ʒ ʐ ʝ ɣ ʁ ʕ'.split()
    voiceless = 'p t ʈ c k q ʔ ɸ f θ s ʃ ʂ ç x χ'.split()
    
    for plosive in plosives:
        assert is_plosive(plosive)
        assert not is_affricate(plosive)
        assert not is_nasal(plosive)
        assert not is_liquid(plosive)
    
    for fricative in fricatives:
        assert is_fricative(fricative)
        assert not is_affricate(fricative)
        assert not is_plosive(fricative)
        assert not is_nasal(fricative)
        assert not is_liquid(fricative)

    for lateral in laterals:
        assert is_liquid(lateral)
    
    for nasal in nasals:
        assert is_nasal(nasal)
        assert not is_fricative(nasal)
        assert not is_affricate(nasal)
        assert not is_plosive(nasal)
        assert not is_liquid(nasal)
    
    assert not is_plosive('t̠ʃ') and is_affricate('t̠ʃ')
    assert is_liquid('r')
    assert is_rothic('r')
    
    for c in voiced:
        assert is_voiced(c), c
    
    for c in voiceless:
        assert not is_voiced(c), c

features_d = get_features_dict('phoible-segments-features.tsv', 'phoible-phonemes.tsv')
genus_to_family = get_genus_map('family.csv', 'genus.csv')
inventories = get_inventories('phoible-aggregated.tsv', 'phoible-consonants.tsv')

# Make sure we won't make phonological errors 😉
sanity_checks()

Here we'll filter out the inventories that are possibly duplicates. The criterion will be multiple occurences of an identifier made of the language code and the language name concatenated in lower case with stripped spaces. The inventory we'll keep is the one with a PHOIBLE or SAPHON inventory preferably.

def get_canonical_name(inventory):
    code = inventory['LanguageCode']
    name = inventory['LanguageName']
    name = name.replace(' ', '')
    name = name.lower()
    return '{}{}'.format(code, name)


def filter_inventories(inventories):
    codes = [get_canonical_name(i) for i in inventories]
    dupes = [item for item, count in collections.Counter(codes).items() if count > 1]
    dupe_sources = {}

    for code in dupes:
        for inventory in inventories:
            inventory_id = get_canonical_name(inventory)
            if inventory_id == code:
                try:
                    dupe_sources[inventory_id].append(inventory['Source'])
                except KeyError:
                    dupe_sources[inventory_id] = [inventory['Source']]

    filtered_inventories = []
    for inventory in inventories:
        inventory_id = get_canonical_name(inventory)

        if inventory_id in dupes:
            source = inventory['Source']
            if source != 'PH' and 'PH' in dupe_sources[inventory_id]:
                continue
            elif source != 'SAPHON' and 'SAPHON' in dupe_sources[inventory_id]:
                continue
            elif source != 'UPSID' and 'UPSID' in dupe_sources[inventory_id]:
                continue
            else:
                filtered_inventories.append(inventory)
        else:
            filtered_inventories.append(inventory)

    return filtered_inventories


inventories = filter_inventories(inventories)[:160]
# aleatori: inventories = random.sample(inventories, 160)
inventories.sort(key=lambda k: k['LanguageFamilyRoot']+k['LanguageFamilyGenus'])

Família, genus, llengua i segments¶

html_table = ['<table>']

total_segments = 0
# Build the header
html_table.append('<tr>')
for header in ['Familia', 'Genus', 'Area', 'Llengua', '#', 'Segments']:
    html_table.append('<td><b>{}</b></td>'.format(header))
else:
    html_table.append('</tr>')

# Add the actual payload
for inventory in inventories:
    html_table.append('<tr>')
    for attribute in ['LanguageFamilyRoot', 'LanguageFamilyGenus', 'Area', 'LanguageName']: 
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(inventory[attribute]))
    else:
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(len(inventory['Segments'])))
        total_segments += len(inventory['Segments'])
        html_table.append('<td>')
        html_table.append('  '.join(sorted(inventory['Segments'])))
        html_table.append('</font></td>')
        html_table.append('</tr>')

else:
    html_table.append('</table>')

    
print('Número de llengües: {}'.format(len(inventories)))
print('Mitjana de fonemes per llengua {}'.format(total_segments / len(inventories)))
# Construct the table and display it
html_table = ''.join(html_table)
html_table = HTML(html_table)
display(html_table)

Número de llengües: 160
Mitjana de fonemes per llengua 12.00625

inventories.sort(key=lambda k: k['LanguageName'])

Sistemes secundaris¶

sistemes_secundaris = [
'Awtu, Aspiració',
'Auyana, Allargament',
'Comanche, Labialització',
'Dadibi, Aspiració',
'Dani, Labialització',
'ekari, Alliberament lateral',
'fuzhou, Aspiració',
'gaviao do para, Aspiració',
'guajajara, Labialització',
'kayabi, Labialització',
'kitsijis, Aspiració',
'karajo, Aspiració',
'krinkati-tinbira, Aspiració',
'kuikura-kalapalo, Palatalització',
'northern paiute, Labialització',
'pompeian, Labialització',
'sanuma, Aspiració',
'shawnee, Llargada',
'shirihana, Aspiració',
'wantoat, Labialització',
'wariwari, Labialització / Glotalitzacio',
'yawa, Palatalització']

langs_with_aspiration = 0
langs_with_labialitzation = 0
langs_with_palatalitzation = 0
langs_with_glotalization = 0
langs_with_duration = 0
langs_with_lateralrelease = 0

html_table = ['<table>']
html_table.append('<tr><td>Llengua</td><td>Sistema secundari</td>')

for s in sistemes_secundaris:
    if 'Labialització' in s:
        langs_with_labialitzation += 1
    if 'Aspiració' in s:
        langs_with_aspiration += 1
    if 'Palatalitzaci' in s:
        langs_with_palatalitzation += 1
    if 'Llargada' in s:
        langs_with_duration += 1
    if 'Glotalitzacio' in s:
        langs_with_glotalization += 1
    if 'Alliberament' in s:
        langs_with_lateralrelease += 1

    html_table.append('<tr>')
    for attr in s.split(','):
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(attr.title()))
    
else:
    html_table.append('</table></font>')

display(HTML(''.join(html_table)))

print('Labialitzacio: {} {:.2%}'.format(langs_with_labialitzation, langs_with_labialitzation / len(inventories)))
print('Aspiracio: {} {:.2%}'.format(langs_with_aspiration, langs_with_aspiration / len(inventories)))
print('Palatalitzacio: {} {:.2%}'.format(langs_with_palatalitzation, langs_with_palatalitzation / len(inventories)))
print('Duracio: {} {:.2%}'.format(langs_with_duration, langs_with_duration / len(inventories)))
print('Glotalitzacio: {} {:.2%}'.format(langs_with_glotalization, langs_with_glotalization / len(inventories)))
print('Alliberament lateral: {} {:.2%}'.format(langs_with_lateralrelease, langs_with_lateralrelease / len(inventories)))

Labialitzacio: 8 5.00%
Aspiracio: 9 5.62%
Palatalitzacio: 2 1.25%
Duracio: 1 0.62%
Glotalitzacio: 1 0.62%
Alliberament lateral: 1 0.62%

Presència de fonemes¶

all_consonants = []
for inventory in inventories:
    for consonant in inventory['Segments']:
        all_consonants.append(consonant)

all_consonants = sorted(all_consonants)
all_consonants_count = []
counted = []
for consonant in all_consonants:
    if consonant not in counted:
        counted.append(consonant)
        count = all_consonants.count(consonant)
        all_consonants_count.append([consonant, count,
                                     '{:.2%}'.format(count / len(inventories))])

all_consonants_count.sort(key=lambda f: f[1], reverse=True)
all_consonants_uniq = [c[0] for c in all_consonants_count]

html_table = ['<table>']
html_table.append('<tr><td>Fonema</td><td>Ocurrències</td><td>Percentatge</td></tr>')

for consonant in all_consonants_count:
    html_table.append('<tr>')
    for attribute in consonant:
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(attribute))
    
    html_table.append('</tr>')
else:
    html_table.append('</table></font>')

display(HTML(''.join(html_table)))

print(len(all_consonants_uniq))

109

hem de mirar obstruents, quantes d'elles són sordes i sonores
de les obstruents quantes oclusives i sordes i sonores
presència d'africades i les seves qualitats
nasals

Obstruents¶

langs_with_obstruents = []
for inventory in inventories:
    obstruents_voiced = []
    obstruents_voiceless = []

    for segment in inventory['Segments']:
        if features_d[segment]['sonorant'] is False:
            if is_voiced(segment):
                obstruents_voiced.append(segment)
            else:
                obstruents_voiceless.append(segment)

    else:
        langs_with_obstruents.append({inventory['LanguageName']: [obstruents_voiced, obstruents_voiceless]})

html_table = ['<font face="Doulos SIL" size=4em><table>']
html_table.append('<tr><td>Llengua</td><td>obstruents sonores</td><td>obstruents sordes</td><td>total (sonores + sordes)</td>')
for lang in langs_with_obstruents:
    for inv in lang:
        voiced_inv = lang[inv][0]
        voiceless_inv = lang[inv][1]
        joined_inv = list(voiced_inv + voiceless_inv)
        
        html_table.append('<tr>')
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(inv))
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(' '.join(voiced_inv)))
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(' '.join(voiceless_inv)))
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format("{} ({} + {})".format(len(joined_inv),
                                                                     len(voiced_inv),
                                                                     len(voiceless_inv))))

        #for item in sorted(lang[inv]):
        #    html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(item))
        html_table.append('</tr>')
else:
    html_table.append('</table></font>')

display(HTML(''.join(html_table)))

Oclusives¶

langs_with_plosives = []
more_voiceless_plosives = 0
for inventory in inventories:
    plosives_voiced = []
    plosives_voiceless = []

    for segment in inventory['Segments']:
        if is_plosive(segment):
            if is_voiced(segment):
                plosives_voiced.append(segment)
            else:
                plosives_voiceless.append(segment)

    else:
        langs_with_plosives.append({inventory['LanguageName']: [plosives_voiced, plosives_voiceless]})

html_table = ['<table>']
html_table.append('<tr><td>Llengua</td><td>plosives sonores</td><td>plosives sordes</td><td>total (sonores + sordes)</td>')
for lang in langs_with_plosives:
    for inv in lang:
        voiced_inv = lang[inv][0]
        voiceless_inv = lang[inv][1]
        joined_inv = list(voiced_inv + voiceless_inv)
        
        if len(voiceless_inv) > len(voiced_inv):
            more_voiceless_plosives += 1
        
        html_table.append('<tr>')
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(inv))
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(' '.join(voiced_inv)))
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(' '.join(voiceless_inv)))
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format("{} ({} + {})".format(len(joined_inv),
                                                                     len(voiced_inv),
                                                                     len(voiceless_inv))))

        #for item in sorted(lang[inv]):
        #    html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(item))
        html_table.append('</tr>')
else:
    html_table.append('</table></font>')

display(HTML(''.join(html_table)))

print('El nombre d’oclusives sordes és normalment major o igual al d’oclusives sonores: {:.2%} ({} / {})'.format(more_voiceless_plosives / len(langs_with_plosives),
                                           more_voiceless_plosives, len(langs_with_plosives)))

El nombre d’oclusives sordes és normalment major o igual al d’oclusives sonores: 77.50% (124 / 160)

Fricatives¶

langs_with_fricatives = []
for inventory in inventories:
    fricatives_voiced = []
    fricatives_voiceless = []

    for segment in inventory['Segments']:
        if is_fricative(segment):
            if is_voiced(segment):
                fricatives_voiced.append(segment)
            else:
                fricatives_voiceless.append(segment)

    else:
        langs_with_fricatives.append({inventory['LanguageName']: [fricatives_voiced, fricatives_voiceless]})

html_table = ['<font face="Doulos SIL" size=4em><table>']
html_table.append('<tr><td>Llengua</td><td>fricatives sonores</td><td>fricatives sordes</td><td>total (sonores + sordes)</td>')
for lang in langs_with_fricatives:
    for inv in lang:
        voiced_inv = lang[inv][0]
        voiceless_inv = lang[inv][1]
        joined_inv = list(voiced_inv + voiceless_inv)
        
        html_table.append('<tr>')
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(inv))
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(' '.join(voiced_inv)))
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(' '.join(voiceless_inv)))
        html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format("{} ({} + {})".format(len(joined_inv),
                                                                     len(voiced_inv),
                                                                     len(voiceless_inv))))

        #for item in sorted(lang[inv]):
        #    html_table.append('<td>{}</td>'.format(item))
        html_table.append('</tr>')
else:
    html_table.append('</table></font>')

display(HTML(''.join(html_table)))

Familia	Genus	Area	Llengua	#	Segments
Ainu	Ainu	Asia	Ainu	11	h j k m n p s t t̠ʃ w ɾ
Algic	Algonquian	America	Shawnee	13	j k kː l m n p t t̠ʃ w ʃ ʔ θ
Algic	Algonquian	America	Blackfoot	13	h j k l m n p s t̠ʃ t̪ w x ʔ
Arauan	Arauan	America	Jamamadí	12	b d h k m n s t w ɟ ɸ ɾ
Australian	Northern Daly	Pacific	Malakmalak	14	j k l l̠ m n n̠ p r t t̠ w ŋ ɹ
Australian	Pama-Nyungan	Pacific	Bandjalang	12	b d d̠ʒ j l m n n̠ r w ŋ ɡ
Australian	Pama-Nyungan	Pacific	Dyirbal	13	b d j l m n r w ŋ ɟ ɡ ɲ ɻ
Australian	Pama-Nyungan	Pacific	Gugu-Yalandyi	13	*R̪ c j k l̪ m n̪ p t̪ w ŋ ɲ ɻ
Australian	Pama-Nyungan	Pacific	Wik-Munkan	13	j k l m n n̠ p r t t̠ w ŋ ʔ
Australian	Pama-Nyungan	Pacific	Yidiny	13	b d j l m n r w ŋ ɟ ɡ ɲ ɻ
Australian	Tiwian	Pacific	Tiwi	14	j k l m n n̪ p t t̪ w ŋ ɣ ɻ ɾ
Austronesian	Central Malayo-Polynesian	Asia	Tetun	14	b d̪ f h k l̪ m n̪ p r̪ s̪ t̪ w ʔ
Austronesian	Central Malayo-Polynesian	Asia	Southern Nuautl	12	h j k l m n p r s t w ʔ
Austronesian	Central Malayo-Polynesian	Asia	Selaru	14	b d f h j k l m n r s t w ʔ
Austronesian	Central Malayo-Polynesian	Asia	Leti	10	d k l m n p r s t β
Austronesian	Oceanic	Pacific	Maori	10	f h k m n p t w ŋ ɾ
Austronesian	Oceanic	America	Hawaiian	8	h k l̪ m n̪ p w ʔ
Austronesian	Oceanic	Pacific	Pohnpeian	14	j k l̪ m mʷ n̪ p pʷ r s t̪ w ŋ ʈʂ
Austronesian	Oceanic	Pacific	Roro	9	b h k m n̪ p t̪ ɾ̪ ʔ
Austronesian	Oceanic	Pacific	Tigak	12	b k m n p r s t ŋ ɡ ɮ β
Austronesian	Oceanic	Pacific	Manam	13	b d k l m n p s t z ŋ ɡ ɾ
Austronesian	Oceanic	Pacific	Seimat	11	h k l m n p s t̪ w x ŋ
Austronesian	Oceanic	Pacific	Tongan; Tonga	12	f h k m n̪ p s t̪ v ŋ ɺ ʔ
Austronesian	Oceanic	Pacific	Tinputz	12	h j k l m n p s t w ʔ β
Austronesian	Oceanic	Pacific	Bariai	12	b d k l m n p r s t ŋ ɡ
Austronesian	Oceanic	Pacific	North Marquesan	12	f h k m n p r s t v ç ʔ
Austronesian	Palauan	Pacific	Palauan	10	b d̪ k l m r s t̪ ŋ ʔ
Austronesian	South Halmahera - West New Guinea	Asia	Irarutu	12	k m mb n̪ n̪d̪ s̪ t̪ w ŋɡ ɸ ɾ̪ ʝ
Austronesian	South Halmahera - West New Guinea	Asia	Biak	14	b d f j k l m n p r s t w β
Baining-Taulil	Baining	Pacific	Baining	14	k l m mb n nd p s t w ŋ ŋɡ ɣ ɾ
Barbacoan	Barbacoan	America	Awa Pit	14	j k l m n p s t̪ w z ŋ ɬ ʃ ʒ
Border	Border	Pacific	Waris	13	*R̪ j k l̪ mb n̪d̪ p s̪ t̪ w x ŋɡ β
Border	Border	Pacific	Imonda	13	b d f h k l m n p r s t ɡ
Border	Border	Pacific	Amanab	14	b f h j k m n p r s t w ŋ ɡ
Cacua-Nukak	Cacua-Nukak	America	Cacua	12	h k l m n p t t̠ʃ w ŋ ʍ ʔ
Cacua-Nukak	Cacua-Nukak	America	Nukak	12	b c d h k p t w ɟ ɡ ɾ ʔ
Cahuapanan	Cahuapanan	America	Shawi	14	h j k m n p s t t̠ʃ w ɾ ʃ ʔ β
Cariban	Cariban	America	Akawaio	13	*R̪ b d̪ j k m n̪ p s̪ t̪ w z̪ ɡ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Akurio	10	j k m n p t t̠ʃ w ɾ ʔ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Apalaí	12	j k m n p s t w z ɾ ʃ ʔ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Arára, Pará	11	j k l m n p t t̠ʃ w ŋ ɾ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Carijona	14	b d d̠ʒ h k m n s t t̠ʃ w ɡ ɲ ɾ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Ikpeng	12	j k l m n p t t̠ʃ w ŋ ɡ ɾ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Ingarikó	10	j k m n p s t w ɾ ʔ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Kaxuiâna	12	h j k m n p s t t̠ʃ w ɾ ʔ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Kuikúro-Kalapálo	14	dʲ h k l m n p s t ts w ŋ ɣ ɲ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Macushi	10	j k m n p s t w ɾ ʔ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Mapoyo	12	h j k m n p s t w ɲ ɾ ʔ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Yekwana	12	h j k m n s t t̠ʃ w ɲ ɾ ʔ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Pémono	12	h j k m n p s t w ɲ ɾ ʔ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Trió	10	h j k m n p s t w ɾ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Waiwai	14	h j k m n s t t̠ʃ w ɲ ɸ ɺ ɾ ʃ
Cariban	Cariban	America	Yabarana	11	h j k m n p s t w ɲ ɾ
Chapacura-Wanham	Chapacura-Wanham	America	Wari; Wari'; Wariʔ; Oro Nao	14	h hʷ k kʷ m mˀ n nˀ p t̠ʃ t̺ w ɾ ʔ
Chapacura-Wanham	Chapacura-Wanham	America	Oro Win	12	j k m n p s t t̪ʙ w ɾ ʔ β
Chibchan	Motilon	America	Barí	10	b d h k m n r s t ɲ
Chiquito	Chiquito	America	Bésɨro	14	c k m n p s t t̠ʃ ɲ ɾ ʂ ʃ ʔ β
East Bougainville	East Bougainville	Pacific	Nasioi	8	b k m n̪ p t̪ ɾ̪ ʔ
East Strickland	East Strickland	Pacific	Samo	12	b d f h j k l m s t w ɡ
Eastern Sudanic	Nilotic	Africa	Sebei	14	c j k l̪ m n̪ p r̪ s̪ t̪ w ŋ ɲ ɾ̪
Eastern Sudanic	Nilotic	Africa	Sabaot	13	b j k l m n r s t t̠ʃ w ŋ ɲ
Eastern Sudanic	Nilotic	Africa	Endo	13	c j k l m n p r s t w ŋ ɲ
Eastern Sudanic	Nilotic	Africa	Nandi	13	c j k l m n p s t w ŋ ɲ ɾ
Eastern Sudanic	Nilotic	Africa	Kipsigis	14	h kʰ l m n p r s tʰ t̠ʃ w ç ŋ ɲ
Eleman	Eleman Proper	Pacific	Taoripi	8	f h k l̪ m p s̪ t̪
Iroquoian	Northern Iroquoian	America	Oneida	10	h j k l n s t t̠ʃ ɰ ʔ
Iroquoian	Northern Iroquoian	America	Seneca	11	b d̪z̪ h j k m n̪ s̪ t̪ w ʔ
Iroquoian	Northern Iroquoian	America	Huron	11	h j k n r s t w x ʔ θ
Iroquoian	Southern Iroquoian	America	Cherokee	11	d dz h j l m n w ɡ ʃ ʔ
Jabutí	Jabutí	America	Arikapú	11	h j k m n p t t̠ʃ w ɾ ʔ
Jabutí	Jabutí	America	Jabutí	14	bz d̠ʒ h j k m n p ps t t̠ʃ w ɾ β
Jivaroan	Jivaroan	America	Aguaruna	12	h k m n p s t ts t̠ʃ ɾ ʃ ʔ
Jivaroan	Jivaroan	America	Shuar	13	h j k m n p s t ts t̠ʃ w ɾ ʃ
Katukinan	Katukinan	America	Katukína	12	b d d̠ʒ h k l m n p t t̠ʃ ɲ
Kiwaian	Kiwaian	Pacific	Southern Kiwai	12	*R̪ b d̪ k m n̪ p s̪ t̪ w ɡ ʔ
Kuot	Kuot	Pacific	Kuot	13	b d f k l m n p r s t ŋ ɡ
Macro-Ge	Bororo	America	Bororo	13	*R̪ b d̠ʒ d̪ j k m n̪ p t̠ʃ t̪ w ɡ
Macro-Ge	Ge-Kaingang	America	Apinaye	13	k mb nd p s̪ t t̠ʃ v ŋɡ ɲɟ ɽ ʒ ʔ
Macro-Ge	Ge-Kaingang	America	Canela	13	h j k m n p t t̠ʃ w ŋ ɲ ɾ ʔ
Macro-Ge	Ge-Kaingang	America	Gavião do Pará	11	h j k kʰ m n p t t̠ʃ w ɾ
Macro-Ge	Ge-Kaingang	America	Krahô	12	h j k kʰ l m n p t ts w ŋ
Macro-Ge	Ge-Kaingang	America	Krinkati-Timbira	11	h j k kʰ m n p t t̠ʃ w ɾ
Macro-Ge	Ge-Kaingang	America	Panará	11	h j k m n p s t w ɾ ʔ
Macro-Ge	Ge-Kaingang	America	Suyá	13	d̠ʒ k m n p s t t̠ʃ w ŋ ɣ ɲ ɾ
Macro-Ge	Karajá	America	Karajá	9	b d h k l w ɗ ɾ θ
Macro-Ge	Maxakalí	America	Maxakali	10	h k mb nd n̠d̠ʒ p t t̠ʃ ŋɡ ʔ
Macro-Ge	Rikbaktsa	America	Rikbaktsa	14	b d h j k m n p t t̠ʃ w ɽ ɾ ʃ
Mixe-Zoque	Mixe-Zoque	America	Mixe	14	d̪ j k m n p s̪ ts͇ t̪ v ɡ ʃ ʒ ʔ
Mura	Mura	America	Piraha	8	b h k p s̪ t̪ ɡ ʔ
Muskogean	Muskogean	America	Alabama	14	b h j k l̪ m n̪ p s t̠ʃ t̪ w ɬ̪ ɸ
Nambikuaran	Nambikuaran	America	Sabane	13	h j k l m n p s t w ɓ ɗ ʔ
Niger-Congo	Bantoid	Africa	Nɔmaa (NɔmaáNdɛ́)	14	c f h j k l m n p s t w ŋ ɲ
Niger-Congo	Bantoid	Africa	Kikamba	13	j k l m n s t w ð ŋ ɥ ɲ β
Niger-Congo	Cross River	Africa	Efik	13	b d f j k kp m n s t w ŋ ɲ
Niger-Congo	Gur	Africa	Biali	14	b d f h j k l m n p s t w ɾ
Niger-Congo	Gur	Africa	Waama	13	b c d f j k kp m n p s t w
Niger-Congo	Gur	Africa	Nateni	13	b c d f h j k kp p s t w ɟ
Niger-Congo	Kru	Africa	Klao	11	b cç d̪ f kp p s̪ t̪ w ɟʝ ɡb
Nimboran	Nimboran	Asia	Nimboran	12	*R̪ b d̪ h k m n̪ p s̪ t̪ ŋ ɡ
Panoan	Panoan	America	Amahuaca	14	h j k m n̪ p s̪ t̠ʃ t̪ w x ɾ̪ ʔ θ
Panoan	Panoan	America	Shanenawa	14	f h j k m n p s t ts t̠ʃ w ɾ ʂ
Puinave	Puinave	America	Puinave	8	h k m n p s t ʔ
Senagi	Senagi	Asia	Dera	11	b d̪ j k m n̪ p t̪ w ŋ ɡ
Sentani	Sentani	Asia	Sentani	10	d̪ f h j k m n̪ p t̪ w
Sepik	Ram	Pacific	Awtuw	11	d j kʰ l m n pʰ tʰ w ŋ ɾ
Sepik	Upper Sepik	Pacific	Iwam	11	*R h j k m n p s t w ŋ
Sepik	Upper Sepik	Pacific	Abau	9	h j k m n p s w ɾ
Sepik	Yellow River	Pacific	Namia	9	j k l m n p r t w
Sino-Tibetan	Chinese	Asia	Fuzhou	14	k kʰ l̪ m n̪ p pʰ s̪ t̪ t̪s̪ t̪s̪ʰ t̪ʰ x ŋ
Sino-Tibetan	Kuki-Chin	Asia	Ao	14	cç j k l m n p s t w z ŋ ɭ͓ ʔ
Siouan	Siouan	America	Biloxi	12	c d h j k m n p s t w x
Siouan	Siouan	America	Crow	10	h k p s̪ t̠ʃ t̪ w x ɹ ʃ
Skou	Krisa	Pacific	Isaka	9	b d j k p s t w ɸ
Skou	Western Skou	Pacific	Vanimo	12	b d d̠ l m n n̠ p s t ɦ β
Skou	Western Skou	Asia	Skou	13	b f h j k l m n p r t w ɟ
Taushiro	Taushiro	America	Taushiro	12	h j k kʷ n t t̠ʃ w x ɲ ɾ ʔ
Teberan-Pawaian	Teberan	Pacific	Dadibi	13	h j k kʰ m n p pʰ s t tʰ w ɾ
Torricelli	Wapei-Palei	Pacific	Yil	12	j k l m n p r s t w ŋ ɡ
Torricelli	Wapei-Palei	Pacific	Ningil	14	j k l m n p r s t w ŋ ɡ ɸ ʔ
Torricelli	Wapei-Palei	Pacific	Au	10	j k m n p s t w ɣ ɾ
Trans-New Guinea	Angan	Pacific	Angaatiha	12	j k m n p t t̠ʃ w ŋ ɲ ɺ ʔ
Trans-New Guinea	Asmat-Kamoro	Asia	Asmat	11	f k m n p s t t̠ʃ w ɾ ʝ
Trans-New Guinea	Binanderean	Pacific	Suena	13	b d̪ d̪z̪ j k m n̪ p s̪ t̪ w ɡ ɾ̪
Trans-New Guinea	Binanderean	Pacific	Orokaiva	12	b d dz h k m n p s t ŋ ɡ
Trans-New Guinea	Binanderean	Pacific	Baruga	14	b d d̠ʒ j k m n s t ɡ ɣ ɸ ɾ β
Trans-New Guinea	Binanderean	Pacific	Binandere	11	b d j k m n p t ɡ ɾ β
Trans-New Guinea	Chimbu	Pacific	Chuave	12	b d f j k m n s t w ɡ ɾ
Trans-New Guinea	Chimbu	Pacific	Golin	13	b d j k l m n p r s t w ɡ
Trans-New Guinea	Dani	Asia	Dani	12	h j k kʷ l̪ m n̪ p s̪ t̪ w ʔ
Trans-New Guinea	Eastern Highlands	Pacific	Auyana	11	j k m mː n nː p t w ɾ ʔ
Trans-New Guinea	Eastern Highlands	Pacific	Gadsup	9	d j k m n̪ p t ʔ β
Trans-New Guinea	Eastern Highlands	Pacific	Yagaria	14	b d h j k m n p s t v ɡ ʔ ʟ
Trans-New Guinea	Eastern Highlands	Pacific	Binumarien	11	j k m n p r s t w ɸ ʔ
Trans-New Guinea	Fasu	Pacific	Fasu	11	h j k m n p s t w ɸ ɾ
Trans-New Guinea	Finisterre-Huon	Pacific	Wantoat	14	k kʷ m mb n̪ n̪d̪ n̪z̪ p s̪ t̪ ŋ ŋɡ ŋɡʷ ŋʷ
Trans-New Guinea	Finisterre-Huon	Pacific	Nankina	14	b d dz j k m n p t ts w ŋ ɡ β
Trans-New Guinea	Koiarian	Pacific	Koiari	11	b d f h k m n t ð ɡ ɾ
Trans-New Guinea	Madang	Pacific	Usan	14	b d j m mb n nd p s t w ŋɡ ɡ ʔ
Trans-New Guinea	Madang	Pacific	Ngomba	9	bv d dz j k p t w ɡ
Trans-New Guinea	Ok	Pacific	Mianmin	13	b d f h j k m n s t w ŋ ɡ
Trans-New Guinea	Ok	Pacific	Faiwol	12	b d f j k l m n s t w ɡ
Trans-New Guinea	Wissel Lakes-Kemandoga	Asia	Ekari	10	b d j k m n p t w ɡˡ
Tucanoan	Tucanoan	America	Barasano	11	b d h j k p s t w ɡ ɾ
Tucanoan	Tucanoan	America	Cubeo	11	b d d̠ k p t t̠ʃ x ð ɺ̪ β
Tupian	Arikem	America	Karitiana; Karitiâna	11	h k m n p s t w ŋ ɲ ɾ
Tupian	Tupi-Guaraní	America	Ache	11	d̠ʒ k m mb n̪d̪ p t̠ʃ t̪ ŋɡ ɺ̪ β
Tupian	Tupi-Guaraní	America	Guajajara	14	h k kʷ m n p ts t̪ w z ŋ ŋʷ ɾ ʔ
Tupian	Tupi-Guaraní	America	Kaiabi	14	j k kʷ m n p s t w ŋ ɡ ɸ ɾ ʔ
Tupian	Tupi-Guaraní	America	Kokama-Kokamilla	11	j k m n p t ts t̠ʃ w x ɾ
Uto-Aztecan	Numic	America	Comanche	12	h j k kʷ m n p s t̪ t̪s̪ w ʔ
Uto-Aztecan	Numic	America	Northern Paiute	14	h j k kʷ m n p s t ts t̠ʃ w ŋ ʔ
Uto-Aztecan	Tarahumaran	America	Warihio	12	h j k m n p s t t̠ʃ w ɾ ʔ
Waorani	Waorani	America	Auca	11	b d k m n p t w ŋ ɡ ɲ
Waorani	Waorani	America	Waorani	12	b d j k m n p t w ŋ ɡ ɲ
West Bougainville	West Bougainville	Pacific	Rotokas	6	k p t ɡ β ᴅ
Yanomam	Yanomam	America	Shiriana	13	h j k m n̪ p s̪ t̠ʃ t̪ t̪ʰ w ɾ̪ ʃ
Yanomam	Yanomam	America	Sanuma; Sanumá	11	h k l m n p s t ts tʰ w
Yareban	Yareban	Pacific	Yareba	13	b d dz j k m n s t w ɡ ɸ ɾ
Yawa	Yawa	Asia	Yawa	14	b d d̠ʒ j k m n nʲ p s sʲ t w ɾ
Zaparoan	Zaparoan	America	Arabela	11	h j k m n̪ p r̪ s̪ t̪ w ʃ

Fonema	Ocurrències	Percentatge
k	151	94.38%
m	143	89.38%
p	132	82.50%
w	125	78.12%
n	117	73.12%
t	114	71.25%
j	108	67.50%
s	88	55.00%
h	82	51.25%
b	59	36.88%
ɾ	59	36.88%
ʔ	58	36.25%
ŋ	53	33.12%
l	49	30.63%
d	47	29.38%
t̠ʃ	43	26.88%
ɡ	42	26.25%
t̪	37	23.12%
r	28	17.50%
ɲ	28	17.50%
n̪	26	16.25%
f	25	15.62%
s̪	21	13.12%
β	18	11.25%
ʃ	14	8.75%
d̪	11	6.88%
x	11	6.88%
ɸ	11	6.88%
c	10	6.25%
l̪	10	6.25%
ts	10	6.25%
d̠ʒ	9	5.62%
kʷ	8	5.00%
mb	8	5.00%
ŋɡ	8	5.00%
kʰ	7	4.38%
ɾ̪	7	4.38%
*R̪	6	3.75%
ɟ	6	3.75%
ɣ	6	3.75%
dz	5	3.12%
v	5	3.12%
z	5	3.12%
kp	4	2.50%
nd	4	2.50%
n̠	4	2.50%
n̪d̪	4	2.50%
tʰ	4	2.50%
ɻ	4	2.50%
θ	4	2.50%
pʰ	3	1.88%
r̪	3	1.88%
ð	3	1.88%
ɺ	3	1.88%
ʒ	3	1.88%
cç	2	1.25%
d̠	2	1.25%
d̪z̪	2	1.25%
t̠	2	1.25%
t̪s̪	2	1.25%
t̪ʰ	2	1.25%
ç	2	1.25%
ŋʷ	2	1.25%
ɗ	2	1.25%
ɹ	2	1.25%
ɺ̪	2	1.25%
ɽ	2	1.25%
ʂ	2	1.25%
ʝ	2	1.25%
*R	1	0.62%
bv	1	0.62%
bz	1	0.62%
dʲ	1	0.62%
hʷ	1	0.62%
kː	1	0.62%
l̠	1	0.62%
mʷ	1	0.62%
mˀ	1	0.62%
mː	1	0.62%
nʲ	1	0.62%
nˀ	1	0.62%
nː	1	0.62%
n̠d̠ʒ	1	0.62%
n̪z̪	1	0.62%
ps	1	0.62%
pʷ	1	0.62%
sʲ	1	0.62%
ts͇	1	0.62%
t̪s̪ʰ	1	0.62%
t̪ʙ	1	0.62%
t̺	1	0.62%
z̪	1	0.62%
ŋɡʷ	1	0.62%
ɓ	1	0.62%
ɟʝ	1	0.62%
ɡb	1	0.62%
ɡˡ	1	0.62%
ɥ	1	0.62%
ɦ	1	0.62%
ɬ	1	0.62%
ɬ̪	1	0.62%
ɭ͓	1	0.62%
ɮ	1	0.62%
ɰ	1	0.62%
ɲɟ	1	0.62%
ʈʂ	1	0.62%
ʍ	1	0.62%
ʟ	1	0.62%
ᴅ	1	0.62%

Llengua	obstruents sonores	obstruents sordes	total (sonores + sordes)
Abau		h k p s	4 (0 + 4)
Ache	β d̠ʒ	t̠ʃ k p t̪	6 (2 + 4)
Aguaruna		ʃ h k ts p s t t̠ʃ ʔ	9 (0 + 9)
Ainu		h k p s t̠ʃ t	6 (0 + 6)
Akawaio	d̪ z̪ ɡ b	s̪ k p t̪	8 (4 + 4)
Akurio		ʔ t̠ʃ k p t	5 (0 + 5)
Alabama	b	k ɬ̪ p s t̪ h ɸ t̠ʃ	9 (1 + 8)
Amahuaca		ʔ s̪ t̠ʃ θ h k p t̪ x	9 (0 + 9)
Amanab	ɡ b	h k f p s t	8 (2 + 6)
Angaatiha		ʔ k p t̠ʃ t	5 (0 + 5)
Ao	ɭ͓ z	cç k p s t ʔ	8 (2 + 6)
Apalaí	z	ʃ k p s t ʔ	7 (1 + 6)
Apinaye	ʒ v	ʔ s̪ k p t̠ʃ t	8 (2 + 6)
Arabela		ʃ s̪ h k p t̪	6 (0 + 6)
Arára, Pará		k p t̠ʃ t	4 (0 + 4)
Arikapú		t̠ʃ h k p t ʔ	6 (0 + 6)
Asmat	ʝ	f k p s t̠ʃ t	7 (1 + 6)
Au	ɣ	k p s t	5 (1 + 4)
Auca	ɡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Auyana		ʔ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Awa Pit	ʒ z	ʃ ɬ k p s t̪	8 (2 + 6)
Awtuw	d	pʰ tʰ kʰ	4 (1 + 3)
Baining	ɣ	k p s t	5 (1 + 4)
Bandjalang	ɡ b d d̠ʒ		4 (4 + 0)
Barasano	ɡ b d	k p s t h	8 (3 + 5)
Bariai	ɡ b d	k p s t	7 (3 + 4)
Barí	b d	h k s t	6 (2 + 4)
Baruga	β d̠ʒ ɡ ɣ b d	k s t ɸ	10 (6 + 4)
Bésɨro	β	ʃ ʂ t̠ʃ c k p s t ʔ	10 (1 + 9)
Biak	β b d	f k p s t	8 (3 + 5)
Biali	b d	k f p s t h	8 (2 + 6)
Biloxi	d	c p h k s t x	8 (1 + 7)
Binandere	β ɡ b d	k p t	7 (4 + 3)
Binumarien		k t p s ʔ ɸ	6 (0 + 6)
Blackfoot		ʔ t̪ t̠ʃ h k p s x	8 (0 + 8)
Bororo	ɡ b d̪ d̠ʒ	p t̪ t̠ʃ k	8 (4 + 4)
Cacua		ʍ ʔ k p t̠ʃ t h	7 (0 + 7)
Canela		ʔ t̠ʃ h k p t	6 (0 + 6)
Carijona	d̠ʒ ɡ b d	t̠ʃ h k s t	9 (4 + 5)
Cherokee	ɡ d dz	ʃ h ʔ	6 (3 + 3)
Chuave	ɡ b d	f k s t	7 (3 + 4)
Comanche		h k p s t̪ ʔ kʷ t̪s̪	8 (0 + 8)
Crow		ʃ s̪ t̠ʃ t̪ h k p x	8 (0 + 8)
Cubeo	d̠ β b d ð	p x k t̠ʃ t	10 (5 + 5)
Dadibi		kʰ pʰ h k tʰ p s t	8 (0 + 8)
Dani		ʔ s̪ kʷ h k p t̪	7 (0 + 7)
Dera	ɡ b d̪	k p t̪	6 (3 + 3)
Dyirbal	ɡ b ɟ d		4 (4 + 0)
Efik	b d	f k s kp t	7 (2 + 5)
Ekari	ɡˡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Endo		c k p s t	5 (0 + 5)
Faiwol	ɡ b d	f k s t	7 (3 + 4)
Fasu		ɸ h k p s t	6 (0 + 6)
Fuzhou		s̪ kʰ t̪ t̪ʰ t̪s̪ pʰ k p x t̪s̪ʰ	10 (0 + 10)
Gadsup	d β	k t p ʔ	6 (2 + 4)
Gavião do Pará		kʰ t̠ʃ h k p t	6 (0 + 6)
Golin	ɡ b d	k p s t	7 (3 + 4)
Guajajara	z	ʔ ts kʷ t̪ h k p	8 (1 + 7)
Gugu-Yalandyi		c k p t̪	4 (0 + 4)
Hawaiian		k p ʔ h	4 (0 + 4)
Huron		h k s x ʔ θ t	7 (0 + 7)
Ikpeng	ɡ	k p t t̠ʃ	5 (1 + 4)
Imonda	ɡ b d	f h k p s t	9 (3 + 6)
Ingarikó		k p s t ʔ	5 (0 + 5)
Irarutu	ʝ	k s̪ t̪ ɸ	5 (1 + 4)
Isaka	b d	k p s t ɸ	7 (2 + 5)
Iwam		h p s t k	5 (0 + 5)
Jabutí	β d̠ʒ bz	ps t̠ʃ h k p t	9 (3 + 6)
Jamamadí	b d ɟ	h k s t ɸ	8 (3 + 5)
Kaiabi	ɡ	ʔ kʷ k p s t ɸ	8 (1 + 7)
Karajá	ɗ b d	θ h k	6 (3 + 3)
Karitiana; Karitiâna		k p s t h	5 (0 + 5)
Katukína	b d d̠ʒ	h k p t̠ʃ t	8 (3 + 5)
Kaxuiâna		h k p s t t̠ʃ ʔ	7 (0 + 7)
Kikamba	β ð	k s t	5 (2 + 3)
Kipsigis		tʰ kʰ t̠ʃ ç h p s	7 (0 + 7)
Klao	ɡb d̪ ɟʝ b	cç s̪ t̪ f p kp	10 (4 + 6)
Koiari	ɡ b d ð	f h k t	8 (4 + 4)
Kokama-Kokamilla		k ts p x t̠ʃ t	6 (0 + 6)
Krahô		ts kʰ h k p t	6 (0 + 6)
Krinkati-Timbira		kʰ t̠ʃ h k p t	6 (0 + 6)
Kuikúro-Kalapálo	dʲ ɣ	ts h k p s t	8 (2 + 6)
Kuot	ɡ b d	f k p s t	8 (3 + 5)
Leti	β d	k p s t	6 (2 + 4)
Macushi		ʔ k p s t	5 (0 + 5)
Malakmalak		k p t t̠	4 (0 + 4)
Manam	ɡ b d z	p k s t	8 (4 + 4)
Maori		f h k p t	5 (0 + 5)
Mapoyo		h k p s t ʔ	6 (0 + 6)
Maxakali		k p t̠ʃ t h ʔ	6 (0 + 6)
Mianmin	ɡ b d	f h k s t	8 (3 + 5)
Mixe	d̪ ʒ ɡ v	ʃ ts͇ ʔ s̪ k p t̪	11 (4 + 7)
Namia		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Nandi		c k p s t	5 (0 + 5)
Nankina	ɡ b d β dz	k ts p t	9 (5 + 4)
Nasioi	b	p k t̪ ʔ	5 (1 + 4)
Nateni	ɟ b d	c f h k p s kp t	11 (3 + 8)
Ngomba	ɡ bv dz d	k p t	7 (4 + 3)
Nimboran	ɡ b d̪	s̪ k p t̪ h	8 (3 + 5)
Ningil	ɡ	ʔ k p s t ɸ	7 (1 + 6)
North Marquesan	v	ʔ ç f h k p s t	9 (1 + 8)
Northern Paiute		ʔ ts kʷ t̠ʃ h p s t k	9 (0 + 9)
Nukak	ɟ ɡ b d	ʔ c h k p t	10 (4 + 6)
Nɔmaa (NɔmaáNdɛ́)		c f k p s t h	7 (0 + 7)
Oneida		ʔ h k s t̠ʃ t	6 (0 + 6)
Oro Win	β	k p s t ʔ	6 (1 + 5)
Orokaiva	ɡ b d dz	h k p s t	9 (4 + 5)
Palauan	d̪ b	ʔ t̪ k s	6 (2 + 4)
Panará		h k p s t ʔ	6 (0 + 6)
Pémono		h p s t k ʔ	6 (0 + 6)
Piraha	ɡ b	s̪ k p t̪ ʔ h	8 (2 + 6)
Pohnpeian		pʷ k p s t̪ ʈʂ	6 (0 + 6)
Puinave		h k p s ʔ t	6 (0 + 6)
Rikbaktsa	b d	ʃ t̠ʃ h k p t	8 (2 + 6)
Roro	b	h k p t̪ ʔ	6 (1 + 5)
Rotokas	ɡ β	k p t	5 (2 + 3)
Sabane	ɗ ɓ	k s p h ʔ t	8 (2 + 6)
Sabaot	b	k s t̠ʃ t	5 (1 + 4)
Samo	ɡ b d	f h k s t	8 (3 + 5)
Sanuma; Sanumá		tʰ ts h k p s t	7 (0 + 7)
Sebei		s̪ c p t̪ k	5 (0 + 5)
Seimat		t̪ h k p s x	6 (0 + 6)
Selaru	b d	f k s t h ʔ	8 (2 + 6)
Seneca	b d̪z̪	h k s̪ t̪ ʔ	7 (2 + 5)
Sentani	d̪	f h k p t̪	6 (1 + 5)
Shanenawa		ʂ f h k ts p s t̠ʃ t	9 (0 + 9)
Shawi	β	ʃ h k p s ʔ t̠ʃ t	9 (1 + 8)
Shawnee		ʃ p k kː t̠ʃ t θ ʔ	8 (0 + 8)
Shiriana		ʃ s̪ t̠ʃ t̪ʰ h k p t̪	8 (0 + 8)
Shuar		ʃ ts t̠ʃ k p s t h	8 (0 + 8)
Skou	ɟ b	f h k p t	7 (2 + 5)
Southern Kiwai	ɡ b d̪	s̪ k p t̪ ʔ	8 (3 + 5)
Southern Nuautl		h k p s t ʔ	6 (0 + 6)
Suena	ɡ b d̪ d̪z̪	s̪ k p t̪	8 (4 + 4)
Suyá	d̠ʒ ɣ	t̠ʃ k p s t	7 (2 + 5)
Taoripi		f k p t̪ h s̪	6 (0 + 6)
Taushiro		h k kʷ ʔ x t̠ʃ t	7 (0 + 7)
Tetun	b d̪	s̪ k f p t̪ ʔ h	9 (2 + 7)
Tigak	ɡ b ɮ β	p k s t	8 (4 + 4)
Tinputz	β	ʔ h k p s t	7 (1 + 6)
Tiwi	ɣ	k p t̪ t	5 (1 + 4)
Tongan; Tonga	v	f h k p s t̪ ʔ	8 (1 + 7)
Trió		h k p s t	5 (0 + 5)
Usan	ɡ b d	p s t ʔ	7 (3 + 4)
Vanimo	d̠ β b d ɦ	p s t	8 (5 + 3)
Waama	b d	c k f p s kp t	9 (2 + 7)
Waiwai		ʃ h k s t ɸ t̠ʃ	7 (0 + 7)
Wantoat		t̪ s̪ kʷ k p	5 (0 + 5)
Waorani	ɡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Wari; Wari'; Wariʔ; Oro Nao		t̺ h k hʷ p kʷ ʔ t̠ʃ	8 (0 + 8)
Warihio		ʔ h k p s t̠ʃ t	7 (0 + 7)
Waris	β	s̪ k p t̪ x	6 (1 + 5)
Wik-Munkan		p t k t̠ ʔ	5 (0 + 5)
Yabarana		h k p s t	5 (0 + 5)
Yagaria	ɡ b d v	h k p s t ʔ	10 (4 + 6)
Yareba	ɡ b d dz	k s t ɸ	8 (4 + 4)
Yawa	b d d̠ʒ	sʲ k p s t	8 (3 + 5)
Yekwana		ʔ t̠ʃ h k s t	6 (0 + 6)
Yidiny	ɡ b d ɟ		4 (4 + 0)
Yil	ɡ	k p s t	5 (1 + 4)

Llengua	plosives sonores	plosives sordes	total (sonores + sordes)
Abau		k p	2 (0 + 2)
Ache		k p t̪	3 (0 + 3)
Aguaruna		k p t ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Ainu		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Akawaio	d̪ ɡ b	k p t̪	6 (3 + 3)
Akurio		ʔ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Alabama	b	k p t̪	4 (1 + 3)
Amahuaca		ʔ k p t̪	4 (0 + 4)
Amanab	ɡ b	k p t	5 (2 + 3)
Angaatiha		ʔ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Ao		k p t ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Apalaí		k p t ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Apinaye		ʔ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Arabela		k p t̪	3 (0 + 3)
Arára, Pará		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Arikapú		k p t ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Asmat		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Au		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Auca	ɡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Auyana		ʔ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Awa Pit		k p t̪	3 (0 + 3)
Awtuw	d	pʰ tʰ kʰ	4 (1 + 3)
Baining		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Bandjalang	ɡ b d		3 (3 + 0)
Barasano	ɡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Bariai	ɡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Barí	b d	k t	4 (2 + 2)
Baruga	ɡ b d	k t	5 (3 + 2)
Bésɨro		c k p t ʔ	5 (0 + 5)
Biak	b d	k p t	5 (2 + 3)
Biali	b d	k p t	5 (2 + 3)
Biloxi	d	c p k t	5 (1 + 4)
Binandere	ɡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Binumarien		k t p ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Blackfoot		ʔ t̪ k p	4 (0 + 4)
Bororo	ɡ b d̪	p t̪ k	6 (3 + 3)
Cacua		ʔ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Canela		ʔ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Carijona	ɡ b d	k t	5 (3 + 2)
Cherokee	ɡ d	ʔ	3 (2 + 1)
Chuave	ɡ b d	k t	5 (3 + 2)
Comanche		k p t̪ ʔ kʷ	5 (0 + 5)
Crow		t̪ k p	3 (0 + 3)
Cubeo	d̠ b d	p k t	6 (3 + 3)
Dadibi		kʰ pʰ k tʰ p t	6 (0 + 6)
Dani		ʔ kʷ k p t̪	5 (0 + 5)
Dera	ɡ b d̪	k p t̪	6 (3 + 3)
Dyirbal	ɡ b ɟ d		4 (4 + 0)
Efik	b d	k kp t	5 (2 + 3)
Ekari	ɡˡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Endo		c k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Faiwol	ɡ b d	k t	5 (3 + 2)
Fasu		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Fuzhou		kʰ t̪ t̪ʰ pʰ k p	6 (0 + 6)
Gadsup	d	k t p ʔ	5 (1 + 4)
Gavião do Pará		kʰ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Golin	ɡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Guajajara		ʔ kʷ t̪ k p	5 (0 + 5)
Gugu-Yalandyi		c k p t̪	4 (0 + 4)
Hawaiian		k p ʔ	3 (0 + 3)
Huron		k ʔ t	3 (0 + 3)
Ikpeng	ɡ	k p t	4 (1 + 3)
Imonda	ɡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Ingarikó		k p t ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Irarutu		k t̪	2 (0 + 2)
Isaka	b d	k p t	5 (2 + 3)
Iwam		p t k	3 (0 + 3)
Jabutí		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Jamamadí	b d ɟ	k t	5 (3 + 2)
Kaiabi	ɡ	ʔ kʷ k p t	6 (1 + 5)
Karajá	ɗ b d	k	4 (3 + 1)
Karitiana; Karitiâna		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Katukína	b d	k p t	5 (2 + 3)
Kaxuiâna		k p t ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Kikamba		k t	2 (0 + 2)
Kipsigis		tʰ kʰ p	3 (0 + 3)
Klao	ɡb d̪ b	t̪ p kp	6 (3 + 3)
Koiari	ɡ b d	k t	5 (3 + 2)
Kokama-Kokamilla		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Krahô		kʰ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Krinkati-Timbira		kʰ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Kuikúro-Kalapálo	dʲ	k p t	4 (1 + 3)
Kuot	ɡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Leti	d	k p t	4 (1 + 3)
Macushi		ʔ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Malakmalak		k p t t̠	4 (0 + 4)
Manam	ɡ b d	p k t	6 (3 + 3)
Maori		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Mapoyo		k p t ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Maxakali		k p t ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Mianmin	ɡ b d	k t	5 (3 + 2)
Mixe	d̪ ɡ	ʔ k p t̪	6 (2 + 4)
Namia		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Nandi		c k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Nankina	ɡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Nasioi	b	p k t̪ ʔ	5 (1 + 4)
Nateni	ɟ b d	c k p kp t	8 (3 + 5)
Ngomba	ɡ d	k p t	5 (2 + 3)
Nimboran	ɡ b d̪	k p t̪	6 (3 + 3)
Ningil	ɡ	ʔ k p t	5 (1 + 4)
North Marquesan		ʔ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Northern Paiute		ʔ kʷ p t k	5 (0 + 5)
Nukak	ɟ ɡ b d	ʔ c k p t	9 (4 + 5)
Nɔmaa (NɔmaáNdɛ́)		c k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Oneida		ʔ k t	3 (0 + 3)
Oro Win		k p t ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Orokaiva	ɡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Palauan	d̪ b	ʔ t̪ k	5 (2 + 3)
Panará		k p t ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Pémono		p t k ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Piraha	ɡ b	k p t̪ ʔ	6 (2 + 4)
Pohnpeian		pʷ k p t̪	4 (0 + 4)
Puinave		k p ʔ t	4 (0 + 4)
Rikbaktsa	b d	k p t	5 (2 + 3)
Roro	b	k p t̪ ʔ	5 (1 + 4)
Rotokas	ɡ	k p t	4 (1 + 3)
Sabane	ɗ ɓ	k p ʔ t	6 (2 + 4)
Sabaot	b	k t	3 (1 + 2)
Samo	ɡ b d	k t	5 (3 + 2)
Sanuma; Sanumá		tʰ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Sebei		c p t̪ k	4 (0 + 4)
Seimat		t̪ k p	3 (0 + 3)
Selaru	b d	k t ʔ	5 (2 + 3)
Seneca	b	k t̪ ʔ	4 (1 + 3)
Sentani	d̪	k p t̪	4 (1 + 3)
Shanenawa		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Shawi		k p ʔ t	4 (0 + 4)
Shawnee		p k kː t ʔ	5 (0 + 5)
Shiriana		t̪ʰ k p t̪	4 (0 + 4)
Shuar		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Skou	ɟ b	k p t	5 (2 + 3)
Southern Kiwai	ɡ b d̪	k p t̪ ʔ	7 (3 + 4)
Southern Nuautl		k p t ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Suena	ɡ b d̪	k p t̪	6 (3 + 3)
Suyá		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Taoripi		k p t̪	3 (0 + 3)
Taushiro		k kʷ ʔ t	4 (0 + 4)
Tetun	b d̪	k p t̪ ʔ	6 (2 + 4)
Tigak	ɡ b	p k t	5 (2 + 3)
Tinputz		ʔ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Tiwi		k p t̪ t	4 (0 + 4)
Tongan; Tonga		k p t̪ ʔ	4 (0 + 4)
Trió		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Usan	ɡ b d	p t ʔ	6 (3 + 3)
Vanimo	d̠ b d	p t	5 (3 + 2)
Waama	b d	c k p kp t	7 (2 + 5)
Waiwai		k t	2 (0 + 2)
Wantoat		t̪ kʷ k p	4 (0 + 4)
Waorani	ɡ b d	k p t	6 (3 + 3)
Wari; Wari'; Wariʔ; Oro Nao		t̺ k p kʷ ʔ	5 (0 + 5)
Warihio		ʔ k p t	4 (0 + 4)
Waris		k p t̪	3 (0 + 3)
Wik-Munkan		p t k t̠ ʔ	5 (0 + 5)
Yabarana		k p t	3 (0 + 3)
Yagaria	ɡ b d	k p t ʔ	7 (3 + 4)
Yareba	ɡ b d	k t	5 (3 + 2)
Yawa	b d	k p t	5 (2 + 3)
Yekwana		ʔ k t	3 (0 + 3)
Yidiny	ɡ b d ɟ		4 (4 + 0)
Yil	ɡ	k p t	4 (1 + 3)

Llengua	fricatives sonores	fricatives sordes	total (sonores + sordes)
Abau		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Ache	β		1 (1 + 0)
Aguaruna		ʃ h s	3 (0 + 3)
Ainu		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Akawaio	z̪	s̪	2 (1 + 1)
Akurio			0 (0 + 0)
Alabama		ɬ̪ s h ɸ	4 (0 + 4)
Amahuaca		s̪ θ h x	4 (0 + 4)
Amanab		h f s	3 (0 + 3)
Angaatiha			0 (0 + 0)
Ao	ɭ͓ z	s	3 (2 + 1)
Apalaí	z	ʃ s	3 (1 + 2)
Apinaye	ʒ v	s̪	3 (2 + 1)
Arabela		ʃ s̪ h	3 (0 + 3)
Arára, Pará			0 (0 + 0)
Arikapú		h	1 (0 + 1)
Asmat	ʝ	f s	3 (1 + 2)
Au	ɣ	s	2 (1 + 1)
Auca			0 (0 + 0)
Auyana			0 (0 + 0)
Awa Pit	ʒ z	ʃ ɬ s	5 (2 + 3)
Awtuw			0 (0 + 0)
Baining	ɣ	s	2 (1 + 1)
Bandjalang			0 (0 + 0)
Barasano		s h	2 (0 + 2)
Bariai		s	1 (0 + 1)
Barí		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Baruga	β ɣ	s ɸ	4 (2 + 2)
Bésɨro	β	ʃ ʂ s	4 (1 + 3)
Biak	β	f s	3 (1 + 2)
Biali		f s h	3 (0 + 3)
Biloxi		h s x	3 (0 + 3)
Binandere	β		1 (1 + 0)
Binumarien		s ɸ	2 (0 + 2)
Blackfoot		h s x	3 (0 + 3)
Bororo			0 (0 + 0)
Cacua		ʍ h	2 (0 + 2)
Canela		h	1 (0 + 1)
Carijona		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Cherokee		ʃ h	2 (0 + 2)
Chuave		f s	2 (0 + 2)
Comanche		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Crow		ʃ s̪ h x	4 (0 + 4)
Cubeo	β ð	x	3 (2 + 1)
Dadibi		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Dani		s̪ h	2 (0 + 2)
Dera			0 (0 + 0)
Dyirbal			0 (0 + 0)
Efik		f s	2 (0 + 2)
Ekari			0 (0 + 0)
Endo		s	1 (0 + 1)
Faiwol		f s	2 (0 + 2)
Fasu		ɸ h s	3 (0 + 3)
Fuzhou		s̪ x	2 (0 + 2)
Gadsup	β		1 (1 + 0)
Gavião do Pará		h	1 (0 + 1)
Golin		s	1 (0 + 1)
Guajajara	z	h	2 (1 + 1)
Gugu-Yalandyi			0 (0 + 0)
Hawaiian		h	1 (0 + 1)
Huron		h s x θ	4 (0 + 4)
Ikpeng			0 (0 + 0)
Imonda		f h s	3 (0 + 3)
Ingarikó		s	1 (0 + 1)
Irarutu	ʝ	s̪ ɸ	3 (1 + 2)
Isaka		s ɸ	2 (0 + 2)
Iwam		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Jabutí	β bz	ps h	4 (2 + 2)
Jamamadí		h s ɸ	3 (0 + 3)
Kaiabi		s ɸ	2 (0 + 2)
Karajá		θ h	2 (0 + 2)
Karitiana; Karitiâna		s h	2 (0 + 2)
Katukína		h	1 (0 + 1)
Kaxuiâna		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Kikamba	β ð	s	3 (2 + 1)
Kipsigis		ç h s	3 (0 + 3)
Klao		s̪ f	2 (0 + 2)
Koiari	ð	f h	3 (1 + 2)
Kokama-Kokamilla		x	1 (0 + 1)
Krahô		h	1 (0 + 1)
Krinkati-Timbira		h	1 (0 + 1)
Kuikúro-Kalapálo	ɣ	h s	3 (1 + 2)
Kuot		f s	2 (0 + 2)
Leti	β	s	2 (1 + 1)
Macushi		s	1 (0 + 1)
Malakmalak			0 (0 + 0)
Manam	z	s	2 (1 + 1)
Maori		f h	2 (0 + 2)
Mapoyo		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Maxakali		h	1 (0 + 1)
Mianmin		f h s	3 (0 + 3)
Mixe	ʒ v	ʃ s̪	4 (2 + 2)
Namia			0 (0 + 0)
Nandi		s	1 (0 + 1)
Nankina	β		1 (1 + 0)
Nasioi			0 (0 + 0)
Nateni		f h s	3 (0 + 3)
Ngomba			0 (0 + 0)
Nimboran		s̪ h	2 (0 + 2)
Ningil		s ɸ	2 (0 + 2)
North Marquesan	v	ç f h s	5 (1 + 4)
Northern Paiute		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Nukak		h	1 (0 + 1)
Nɔmaa (NɔmaáNdɛ́)		f s h	3 (0 + 3)
Oneida		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Oro Win	β	s	2 (1 + 1)
Orokaiva		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Palauan		s	1 (0 + 1)
Panará		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Pémono		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Piraha		s̪ h	2 (0 + 2)
Pohnpeian		s	1 (0 + 1)
Puinave		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Rikbaktsa		ʃ h	2 (0 + 2)
Roro		h	1 (0 + 1)
Rotokas	β		1 (1 + 0)
Sabane		s h	2 (0 + 2)
Sabaot		s	1 (0 + 1)
Samo		f h s	3 (0 + 3)
Sanuma; Sanumá		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Sebei		s̪	1 (0 + 1)
Seimat		h s x	3 (0 + 3)
Selaru		f s h	3 (0 + 3)
Seneca		h s̪	2 (0 + 2)
Sentani		f h	2 (0 + 2)
Shanenawa		ʂ f h s	4 (0 + 4)
Shawi	β	ʃ h s	4 (1 + 3)
Shawnee		ʃ θ	2 (0 + 2)
Shiriana		ʃ s̪ h	3 (0 + 3)
Shuar		ʃ s h	3 (0 + 3)
Skou		f h	2 (0 + 2)
Southern Kiwai		s̪	1 (0 + 1)
Southern Nuautl		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Suena		s̪	1 (0 + 1)
Suyá	ɣ	s	2 (1 + 1)
Taoripi		f h s̪	3 (0 + 3)
Taushiro		h x	2 (0 + 2)
Tetun		s̪ f h	3 (0 + 3)
Tigak	ɮ β	s	3 (2 + 1)
Tinputz	β	h s	3 (1 + 2)
Tiwi	ɣ		1 (1 + 0)
Tongan; Tonga	v	f h s	4 (1 + 3)
Trió		h s	2 (0 + 2)
Usan		s	1 (0 + 1)
Vanimo	β ɦ	s	3 (2 + 1)
Waama		f s	2 (0 + 2)
Waiwai		ʃ h s ɸ	4 (0 + 4)